Java版本和C++版本的二叉树序列化与反序列化

网友投稿 361 2022-07-21


目录1、什么是二叉树的序列化与反序列化2、先序方式序列化和反序列化3、后序方式序列化和反序列化4、层序方式序列化和反序列化5、完整代码 C++ 版

1、什么是二叉树的序列化与反序列化

二叉树就是节点在内存区域中串联起来的,但是如果掉电,内存上的数据就没有了。为了保存这种结构,将二叉树用字符串的形式保存到硬盘中,这就是序列化;从字符串形式转换为二叉树,这就是反序列化。唯一的字符串会对应唯一的结构,唯一的结构也会对应唯一的字符串,即字符串和二叉树是一一对应的。

【思路】首先认为 NULL 是不可忽略的,遇到 NULL 就用 # 或者其他字符代替。且每访问结束一个节点,用分隔符隔开。

2、先序方式序列化和反序列化

【例子】

上图红色数字就是先序遍历的顺序,所以得到的字符串就是 “1,1,#,1,#,#,#”。

之所以要用分隔符隔开,是为了防止二义性,比如如下两棵树:

【代码实现】

//先序序列化二叉树

void preS(TreeNode *root, queue &ans) {

if (root == nullptr)

ans.push("#");

else {

//每个节点转成的字符串保存到队列中

ans.push(to_string(root->value));

preS(root->lchild, ans);

preS(root->rchild, ans);

}

}

queue preOrderSerial(TreeNode *root) {

queue ans;

preS(root, ans);

return ans;

}

TreeNode *preb(queue &prelist) {

string value = prelist.front();

prelist.pop();

//空树

if (value == "#") return nullptr;

TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(stoi(value)); //每个节点字符串转成整数

root->lchild = preb(prelist);

root->rchild = preb(prelist);

return root;

}

//以先序序列化还原二叉树, 即反序列化

TreeNode *buildByPreQueue(queue &prelist) {

if (prelist.size() == 0) return nullptr;

return preb(prelist);

}

3、后序方式序列化和反序列化

//后序序列化

void posS(TreeNode *root, queue &ans) {

if (root == nullptr)

ans.push("#");

else {

posS(root->lchild, ans);

posS(root->rchild, ans);

ans.push(to_string(root->value));

}

}

queue posOrderSerial(TreeNode *root) {

queue ans;

posS(root, ans);

return ans;

}

//后序反序列化

TreeNode *posB(stack &posstack) {

string value = posstack.top();

posstack.pop();

if (value == "#") return nullptr;

TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(stoi(value));

root->rchild = posB(posstack);

root->lchild = posB(posstack);

return root;

}

TreeNode *buildByPosQueue(queue &poslist) {

if (poslist.size() == 0)

return nullptr;

stack sta; //栈中的顺序为:中右左

while (!poslist.empty()) {

sta.push(poslist.front());

poslist.pop();

}

return posB(sta);

}

4、层序方式序列化和反序列化

//层序序列化

queue levelSerial(TreeNode *root) {

queue ans;

if (root == nullptr) {

ans.push("#");

} else {

ans.push(to_string(root->value));

//准备队列,用于层序遍历

queue que;

que.push(root);

while (!que.empty()) {

TreeNode *cur = que.front();

que.pop();

if (cur->lchild != nullptr) {

http:// ans.push(to_string(cur->lchild->value));

que.push(cur->lchild);

} else {

ans.push("#");

}

if (cur->rchild != nullptr) {

ans.push(to_string(cur->rchild->value));

que.push(cur->rchild);

} else {

ans.push("#");

}

}

}

return ans;

}

//层序反序列化

TreeNode *generateTreeNode(string str) {

if (str == "#") return nullptr;

return new TreeNode(stoi(str));

}

TreeNode *buildByLevelQueue(queue &levelList) {

if (levelList.size() == 0) {

return nullptr;

}

TreeNode *root = generateTreeNode(levelList.front());

levelList.pop();

queue que;

if (root != nullptr) {

que.push(root);

}

TreeNode *cur = nullptr;

while (!que.empty()) {

cur = que.front();

que.pop();

cur->lchild = generateTreeNode(levelList.front());

levelList.pop();

cur->rchild = generateTreeNode(levelList.front());

levelList.pop();

if (cur->lchild != nullptr) {

que.push(cur->lchild);

}

if (cur->rchild != nullptr) {

que.push(cur->rchild);

}

}

return root;

}

5、完整代码 C++ 版

/*************************************************************************

> File Name: 029.二叉树的序列化与反序列化.cpp

> Author: Maureen

> Mail: Maureen@qq.com

> Created Time: 一 6/20 17:40:56 2022

************************************************************************/

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

using namespace std;

/*

* 二叉树可以通过先序、后序或者按层遍历的方式序列化和反序列化,

* 以下代码全部实现了。

* 但是,二叉树无法通过中序遍历的方式实现序列化和反序列化

* 因为不同的两棵树,可能得到同样的中序序列,即便补了空位置也可能一样。

* 比如如下两棵树

* __2

* /

* 1

* 和

* 1__

* \

* 2

* 补足空位置的中序遍历结果都是{ null, 1, null, 2, null}

*

* */

class TreeNode {

public:

int value;

TreeNode *lchild;

TreeNode *rchild;

TreeNode(int data) : value(data) {}

};

//先序序列化二叉树

void preS(TreeNode *root, queue &ans) {

if (root == nullptr)

ans.push("#");

else {

//每个节点转成的字符串保存到队列中

ans.push(to_string(root->value));

preS(root->lchild, ans);

preS(root->rchild, ans);

}

}

queue preOrderSerial(TreeNode *root) {

queue ans;

preS(root, ans);

return ans;

}

//以先序序列化还原二叉树, 即反序列化

TreeNode *preb(queue &prelist) {

string value = prelist.front();

prelist.pop();

//空树

if (value == "#") return nullptr;

TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(stoi(value)); //每个节点字符串转成整数

root->lchild = preb(prelist);

root->rchild = preb(prelist);

return root;

}

TreeNode *buildByPreQueue(queue &prelist) {

if (prelist.size() == 0) return nullptr;

return preb(prelist);

}

//后序序列化

void posS(TreeNode *root, queue &ans) {

if (root == nullptr)

ans.push("#");

else {

posS(root->lchild, ans);

posS(root->rchild, ans);

ans.push(to_string(root->value));

}

}

queue posOrderSerial(TreeNode *root) {

queue ans;

posS(root, ans);

return ans;

}

//后序反序列化

TreeNode *posB(stack &posstack) {

string value = posstack.top();

posstack.pop();

if (value == "#") return nullptr;

TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(stoi(value));

root->rchild = posB(posstack);

root->lchild = posB(posstack);

return root;

}

TreeNode *buildByPosQueue(queue &poslist) {

if (poslist.size() == 0)

return nullptr;

stack sta; //栈中的顺序为:中右左

while (!poslist.empty()) {

sta.push(poslist.front());

poslist.pop();

}

return posB(sta);

}

//层序序列化

queue levelSerial(TreeNode *root) {

queue ans;

if (root == nullptr) {

ans.push("#");

} else {

ans.push(to_string(root->value));

//准备队列,用于层序遍历

queue que;

que.push(root);

while (!que.empty()) {

TreeNode *cur = que.front();

que.pop();

if (cur->lchild != nullptr) {

ans.push(to_string(cur->lchild->value));

que.push(cur->lchild);

} else {

ans.push("#");

}

if (cur->rchild != nullptr) {

ans.push(to_string(cur->rchild->value));

que.push(cur->rchild);

} else {

ans.push("#");

}

}

}

return ans;

}

//层序反序列化

TreeNode *generateTreeNode(string str) {

if (str == "#") return nullptr;

return new TreeNode(stoi(str));

}

TreeNode *buildByLevelQueue(queue &levelList) {

if (levelList.size() == 0) {

return nullptr;

}

TreeNode *root = generateTreeNode(levelList.front());

levelList.pop();

queue que;

if (root != nullptr) {

que.push(root);

}

TreeNode *cur = nullptr;

while (!que.empty()) {

cur = que.front();

que.pop();

cur->lchild = generateTreeNode(levelList.front());

levelList.pop();

cur->rchild = generateTreeNode(levelList.front());

levelList.pop();

if (cur->lchild != nullptr) {

que.push(cur->lchild);

}

if (cur->rchild != nullptr) {

que.push(cur->rchild);

}

}

return root;

}

//for test

TreeNode *generate(int level, int maxLevel, int maxValue) {

if (level > maxLevel || rand() % 100 < 0.5) return nullptr;

TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(rand() % maxValue);

root->lchild = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);

root->rchild = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);

return root;

}

TreeNode *generateRandomBST(int maxLen, int maxVal) {

return generate(1, maxLen, maxVal);

}

bool isSameValueStructure(TreeNode *root1, TreeNode *root2) {

if (root1 == nullptr && root2 != nullptr)

return false;

if (root1 != nullptr && root2 == nullptr)

return false;

if (root1 == nullptr && root2 == nullptr)

return true;

if (root1->value != root2->value)

return false;

return isSameValueStructure(root1->lchild, root2->lchild) && isSameValueStructure(root1->rchild, root2->rchild);

}

string getSpace(int num) {

string space = "";

for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {

space += " ";

}

return space;

}

void printInOrder(TreeNode *root, int height, string to, int len) {

if (root == nullptr) return ;

printInOrder(root->rchild, height + 1, "v", len);

string val = to + to_string(root->value) + to;

int lenM = val.length();

int lenL = (len - lenM) / 2;

int lenR = len - lenM - lenL;

val = getSpace(lenL) + val + getSpace(lenR);

cout << getSpace(height * len) + val << endl;

printInOrder(root->lchild, height + 1, "^", len);

}

void printTree(TreeNode *root) {

cout << "Binary Tree:" << endl;

printInOrder(root, 0, "H", 7);

cout << endl;

}

int main() {

srand(time(0));

int maxLevel = 5;

int maxValue = 100;

int testTime = 1000000;

cout << "test begin" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < testTime + 1; i++) {

TreeNode *root = generateRandomBST(maxLevel, maxValue);

queue pre = preOrderSerial(root);

queue post = posOrderSerial(root);

queue level = levelSerial(root);

TreeNode *preBuild = buildByPreQueue(pre);

TreeNode *posBuild = buildByPosQueue(post);

TreeNode *levelBuild = buildByLevelQueue(level);

/*bool isPreBuildisSuccess = isSameValueStructure(root, preBuild);

bool isPosBuildisSuccess = isSameValueStructure(root, posBuild);

bool isLevelBuildSuccess = isSameValueStructure(root, levelBuild);

cout &lhttp://t;< isPreBuildisSuccess << ", " << isPosBuildisSuccess << ", " << isLevelBuildSuccess << endl;*/

if (!isSameValueStructure(preBuild, posBuild) || !isSameValueStructure(posBuild, levelBuild)) {

cout << "Oops!" << endl;

break;

}

if (i && i % 100 == 0) cout << i << " cases passed!" << endl;

}

cout << "test finish!" << endl;

return 0;

}

java 版

package class11;

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.Queue;

import java.util.Stack;

public class Code02_SerializeAndReconstructTree {

/*

* 二叉树可以通过先序、后序或者按层遍历的方式序列化和反序列化,

* 以下代码全部实现了。

* 但是,二叉树无法通过中序遍历的方式实现序列化和反序列化

* 因为不同的两棵树,可能得到同样的中序序列,即便补了空位置也可能一样。

* 比如如下两棵树

* __2

* /

* 1

* 和

* 1__

* \

* 2

* 补足空位置的中序遍历结果都是{ null, 1, null, 2, null}

*

* */

public static class Node {

public int value;

public Node left;

public Node right;

public Node(int data) {

this.value = data;

}

}

public static Queue preSerial(Node head) {

Queue ans = new LinkedList<>();

pres(head, ans);

return ans;

}

public static void pres(Node head, Queue ans) {

if (head == null) {

ans.add(null);

} else {

ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));

pres(head.left, ans);

pres(head.right, ans);

}

}

public static Queue inSerial(Node head) {

Queue ans = new LinkedList<>();

ins(head, ans);

return ans;

}

public static void ins(Node head, Queue ans) {

if (head == null) {

ans.add(null);

} else {

ins(head.left, ans);

ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));

ins(head.right, ans);

}

}

public static Queue posSerial(Node head) {

Queue ans = new LinkedList<>();

poss(head, ans);

return ans;

}

public static void poss(Node head, Queue ans) {

if (head == null) {

ans.add(null);

} else {

poss(head.left, ans);

poss(head.right, ans);

ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));

}

}

public static Node buildByPreQueue(Queue prelist) {

if (prelist == null || prelist.size() == 0) {

return null;

}

return preb(prelist);

}

public static Node preb(Queue prelist) {

String value = prelist.poll();

if (value == null) {

return null;

}

Node head = new Node(Integer.valueOf(value));

head.left = preb(prelist);

head.right = preb(prelist);

return head;

}

public static Node buildByPosQueue(Queue poslist) {

if (poslist == null || poslist.size() == 0) {

return HgPSdtznull;

}

// 左右中 -> stack(中右左)

Stack stack = new Stack<>();

while (!poslist.isEmpty()) {

stack.push(poslist.poll());

}

return posb(stack);

}

public static Node posb(Stack posstack) {

String value = posstack.pop();

if (value == null) {

return null;

}

Node head = new Node(Integer.valueOf(value));

head.right = posb(posstack);

head.left = posb(posstack);

return head;

}

public static Queue levelSerial(Node head) {

Queue ans = new LinkedList<>();

if (head == null) {

ans.add(null);

} else {

ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));

Queue queue = new LinkedList();

queue.add(head);

while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

head = queue.poll(); // head 父 子

if (head.left != null) {

ans.add(String.valueOf(head.left.value));

queue.add(head.left);

} else {

ans.add(null);

}

if (head.right != null) {

ans.add(String.valueOf(head.right.value));

queue.add(head.right);

} else {

ans.add(null);

}

}

}

return ans;

}

public static Node buildByLevelQueue(Queue levelList) {

if (levelList == null || levelList.size() == 0) {

return null;

}

Node head = generateNode(levelList.poll());

Queue queue = new LinkedList();

if (head != null) {

queue.add(head);

}

Node node = null;

while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

node = queue.poll();

node.left = generateNode(levelList.poll());

node.right = generateNode(levelList.poll());

if (node.left != null) {

queue.add(node.left);

}

if (node.right != null) {

queue.add(node.right);

}

}

return head;

}

public static Node generateNode(String val) {

if (val == null) {

return null;

}

return new Node(Integer.valueOf(val));

}

// for test

public static Node generateRandomBST(int maxLevel, int maxValue) {

return generate(1, maxLevel, maxValue);

}

// for test

public static Node generate(int level, int maxLevel, int maxValue) {

if (level > maxLevel || Math.random() < 0.5) {

return null;

}

Node head = new Node((int) (Math.random() * maxValue));

head.left = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);

head.right = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);

return head;

}

// for test

public static boolean isSameValueStructure(Node head1, Node head2) {

if (head1 == null && head2 != null) {

return false;

}

if (head1 != null && head2 == null) {

return false;

}

if (head1 == null && head2 == null) {

return true;

}

if (head1.value != head2.value) {

return false;

}

return isSameValueStructure(head1.left, head2.left) && isSameValueStructure(head1.right, head2.right);

}

// for test

public static void printTree(Node head) {

System.out.println("Binary Tree:");

printInOrder(head, 0, "H", 17);

System.out.println();

}

public static void printInOrder(Node head, int height, String to, int len) {

if (head == null) {

return;

}

printInOrder(head.right, height + 1, "v", len);

String val = to + head.value + to;

int lenM = val.length();

int lenL = (len - lenM) / 2;

int lenR = len - lenM - lenL;

val = getSpace(lenL) + val + getSpace(lenR);

System.out.println(getSpace(height * len) + val);

printInOrder(head.left, height + 1, "^", len);

}

public static String getSpace(int num) {

String space = " ";

StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("");

for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {

buf.append(space);

}

return buf.toString();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

int maxLevel = 5;

int maxValue = 100;

int testTimes = 1000000;

System.out.println("test begin");

for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) {

Node head = generateRandomBST(maxLevel, maxValue);

Queue pre = preSerial(head);

Queue pos = posSerial(head);

Queue level = levelSerial(head);

Node preBuild = buildByPreQueue(pre);

Node posBuild = buildByPosQueue(pos);

Node levelBuild = buildByLevelQueue(level);

if (!isSameValueStructure(preBuild, posBuild) || !isSameValueStructure(posBuild, levelBuild)) {

System.out.println("Oops!");

}

}

System.out.println("test finish!");

}

}


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