SpringBoot+Elasticsearch实现数据搜索的方法详解(elasticsearch 查询索引)

网友投稿 754 2022-07-27


目录一、简介二、代码实践2.1、导入依赖2.2、配置环境变量2.3、创建 elasticsearch 的 config 类2.4、索引管理2.5、文档管理三、小结

一、简介

在上篇 ElasticSearch 文章中,我们详细的介绍了 ElasticSearch 的各种 api 使用。

实际的项目开发过程中,我们通常基于某些主流框架平台进行技术开发,比如 SpringBoot,今天我们就以 SpringBoot 整合

ElasticSearch 为例,给大家详细的介绍 ElasticSearch 的使用!

SpringBoot 连接 ElasticSearch,主流的方式有以下四种方式

方式一:通过Elastic Transport Client客户端连接 es 服务器,底层基于 TCP 协议通过 transport 模块和远程 ES 服务端通信,不过,从 V7.0 开始官方不建议使用,V8.0开始正式移除。方式二:通过Elastic java Low Level Rest Client客户端连接 es 服务器,底层基于 HTTP 协议通过 restful API 来和远程 ES 服务端通信,只提供了最简单最基本的 API,类似于上篇文章中给大家介绍的 API 操作逻辑。方式三:通过Elastic Java High Leveliqhxf Rest Client客户端连接 es 服务器,底层基于Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客户端做了一层封装,提供了更高级得 API 且和Elastic Transport Client接口及参数保持一致,官方推荐的 es 客户端。方式四:通过JestClient客户端连接 es 服务器,这是开源社区基于 HTTP 协议开发的一款 es 客户端,官方宣称接口及代码设计比 ES 官方提供的 Rest 客户端更简洁、更合理,更好用,具有一定的 ES 服务端版本兼容性,但是更新速度不是很快,目前 ES 版本已经出到 V7.9,但是JestClient只支持 V1.0~V6.X 版 本的 ES。

还有一个需要大家注意的地方,那就是版本号的兼容!

在开发过程中,大家尤其需要关注一下客户端和服务端的版本号,要尽可能保持一致,比如服务端 es 的版本号是6.8.2,那么连接 es 的客户端版本号,最好也是6.8.2,即使因项目的原因不能保持一致,客户端的版本号必须在6.0.0 ~6.8.2,不要超过服务器的版本号,这样客户端才能保持正常工作,否则会出现很多意想不到的问题,假如客户端是7.0.4的版本号,此时的程序会各种报错,甚至没办法用!

为什么要这样做呢?主要原因就是 es 的服务端,高版本不兼容低版本;es6 和 es7 的某些 API 请求参数结构有着很大的区别,所以客户端和服务端版本号尽量保持一致。

废话也不多说了,直接上代码!

二、代码实践

本文采用的SpringBoot版本号是2.1.0.RELEASE,服务端 es 的版本号是6.8.2,客户端采用的是官方推荐的Elastic Java High Level Rest Client版本号是6.4.2,方便与SpringBoot的版本兼容。

2.1、导入依赖

org.elasticsearch

elasticsearch

6.4.2

org.elasticsearch.client

elasticsearch-rest-client

6.4.2

org.elasticsearch.client

elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client

6.4.2

2.2、配置环境变量

在application.properties全局配置文件中,配置elasticsearch自定义环境变量。

elasticsearch.scheme=http

elasticsearch.address=127.0.0.1:9200

elasticsearch.userName=

elasticsearch.userPwd=

elasticsearch.socketTimeout=5000

elasticsearch.connectTimeout=5000

elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout=5000

2.3、创建 elasticsearch 的 config 类

@Configuration

public class ElasticsearchConfiguration {

private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticsearchConfiguration.class);

private static final int ADDRESS_LENGTH = 2;

@Value("${elasticsearch.scheme:http}")

private String scheme;

@Value("${elasticsearch.address}")

private String address;

@Value("${elasticsearch.userName}")

private String userName;

@Value("${elasticsearch.userPwd}")

private String userPwd;

@Value("${elasticsearch.socketTimeout:5000}")

private Integer socketTimeout;

@Value("${elasticsearch.connectTimeout:5000}")

private Integer connectTimeout;

@Value("${elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout:5000}")

private Integer connectionRequestTimeout;

/**

* 初始化客户端

* @return

*/

@Bean(name = "restHighLevelClient")

public RestHighLevelClient restClientBuilder() {

HttpHost[] hosts = Arrays.stream(address.split(","))

.map(this::buildHttpHost)

.filter(Objects::nonNull)

.toArray(HttpHost[]::new);

RestClientBuilder restClientBuilder = RestClient.builder(hosts);

// 异步参数配置

restClientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder -> {

httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(buildCredentialsProvider());

return httpClientBuilder;

});

// 异步连接延时配置

restClientBuilder.setRequestConfigCallback(requestConfigBuilder -> {

requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout);

requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);

requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);

return requestConfigBuilder;

});

return new RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder);

}

/**

* 根据配置创建HttpHost

* @param s

* @return

*/

private HttpHost buildHttpHost(String s) {

String[] address = s.split(":");

if (address.length == ADDRESS_LENGTH) {

String ip = address[0];

int port = Integer.parseInt(address[1]);

return new HttpHost(ip, port, scheme);

} else {

return null;

}

}

/**

* 构建认证服务

* @return

*/

private CredentialsProvider buildCredentialsProvider(){

final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();

credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials(userName,

userPwd));

return credentialsProvider;

}

}

至此,客户端配置完毕,项目启动的时候,会自动注入到Spring的ioc容器里面。

2.4、索引管理

es 中最重要的就是索引库,客户端如何创建呢?请看下文!

创建索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class IndexJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 创建索引(简单模式)

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void createIndex() throws IOException {

CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("cs_index");

CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());

}

/**

* 创建索引(复杂模式)

* 可以直接把对应的文档结构也一并初始化

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void createIndexComplete() throws IOException {

CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest();

//索引名称

request.index("cs_index");

//索引配置

Settings settings = Settings.builder()

.put("index.number_of_shards", 3)

.put("index.number_of_replicas", 1)

.build();

request.settings(settings);

//映射结构字段

Map properties = new HashMap();

properties.put("id", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));

properties.put("name", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));

properties.put("sex", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));

properties.put("age", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long"));

properties.put("city", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));

properties.put("createTime", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long"));

Map mapping = new HashMap<>();

mapping.put("properties", properties);

//添加一个默认类型

System.out.println(jsON.toJSONString(request));

request.mapping("_doc",mapping);

CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());

}

}

删除索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class IndexJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 删除索引

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void deleteIndex() throws IOException {

DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("cs_index1");

AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());

}

}

查询索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class IndexJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 查询索引

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void getIndex() throws IOException {

// 创建请求

GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest();

request.indices("cs_index");

// 执行请求,获取响应

GetIndexResponse response = client.indices().get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.toString());

}

}

查询索引是否存在

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class IndexJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 检查索引是否存在

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void exists() throws IOException {

// 创建请求

GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest();

request.indices("cs_index");

// 执行请求,获取响应

boolean response = client.indices().exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response);

}

}

查询所有的索引名称

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class IndexJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 查询所有的索引名称

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void getAllIndices() throws IOException {

GetAliasesRequest request = new GetAliasesRequest();

GetAliasesResponse response = client.indices().getAlias(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

Map> map = response.getAliases();

Set indices = map.keySet();

for (String key : indices) {

System.out.println(key);

}

}

}

查询索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class IndexJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 查询索引映射字段

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void getMapping() throws IOException {

GetMappingsRequest request = new GetMappingsRequest();

request.indices("cs_index");

request.types("_doc");

GetMappingsResponse response = client.indices().getMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.toString());

}

}

添加索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class IndexJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 添加索引映射字段

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void addMapping() throwiqhxfs IOException {

PutMappingRequest request = new PutMappingRequest();

request.indices("cs_index");

request.type("_doc");

//添加字段

Map properties = new HashMap();

properties.put("accountName", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "keyword"));

Map mapping = new HashMap<>();

mapping.put("properties", properties);

request.source(mapping);

PutMappingResponse response = client.indices().putMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());

}

}

2.5、文档管理

所谓文档,就是向索引里面添加数据,方便进行数据查询,详细操作内容,请看下文!

添加文档

ublic class UserDocument {

private String id;

private String name;

private String sex;

private Integer age;

private String city;

private Date createTime;

//省略get、set...

}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class DocJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 添加文档

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void addDocument() throws IOException {

// 创建对象

UserDocument user = new UserDocument();

user.setId("1");

user.setName("里斯");

user.setCity("武汉");

user.setSex("男");

user.setAge(20);

user.setCreateTime(new Date());

// 创建索引,即获取索引

IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();

// 外层参数

request.id("1");

request.index("cs_index");

request.type("_doc");

request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));

// 存入对象

request.source(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);

// 发送请求

System.out.println(request.toString());

IndexResponse response = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.toString());

}

}

更新文档

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class DocJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 更新文档(按需修改)

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void updateDocument() throws IOException {

// 创建对象

UserDocument user = new UserDocument();

user.setId("2");

user.setName("程咬金");

user.setCreateTime(new Date());

// 创建索引,即获取索引

UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();

// 外层参数

request.id("2");

request.index("cs_index");

request.type("_doc");

request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));

// 存入对象

request.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);

// 发送请求

System.out.println(request.toString());

UpdateResponse response = client.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.toString());

}

}

删除文档

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class DocJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 删除文档

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void deleteDocument() throws IOException {

// 创建索引,即获取索引

DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();

// 外层参数

request.id("1");

request.index("cs_index");

request.type("_doc");

request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));

// 发送请求

System.out.println(request.toString());

DeleteResponse response = client.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.toString());

}

}

查询文档是不是存在

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class DocJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 查询文档是不是存在

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void exists() throws IOException {

// 创建索引,即获取索引

GetRequest request = new GetRequest();

// 外层参数

request.id("3");

request.index("cs_index");

request.type("_doc");

// 发送请求

System.out.println(request.toString());

boolean response = client.exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response);

}

}

通过 ID 查询指定文档

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class DocJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 通过ID,查询指定文档

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void getById() throws IOException {

// 创建索引,即获取索引

GetRequest request = new GetRequest();

// 外层参数

request.id("1");

request.index("cs_index");

request.type("_doc");

// 发送请求

System.out.println(request.toString());

GetResponse response = client.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.toString());

}

}

批量添加文档

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)

public class DocJunit {

@Autowired

private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**

* 批量添加文档

* @throws IOException

*/

@Test

public void batchAddDocument() throws IOException {

// 批量请求

BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();

bulkRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(10));

// 创建对象

List userArrayList = new ArrayList<>();

userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("张三", "男", 30, "武汉"));

userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("里斯", "女", 31, "北京"));

userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("王五", "男", 32, "武汉"));

userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("赵六", "女", 33, "长沙"));

userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("七七", "男", 34, "武汉"));

// 添加请求

for (int i = 0; i < userArrayList.size(); i++) {

userArrayList.get(i).setId(String.valueOf(i));

IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest();

// 外层参数

indexRequest.id(String.valueOf(i));

indexRequest.index("cs_index");

indexRequest.type("_doc");

indexRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));

indexRequest.source(iqhxfJSON.toJSONString(userArrayList.get(i)), XContentType.JSON);

bulkRequest.add(indexRequest);

}

// 执行请求

BulkResponse response = client.bulk(bulkRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(response.status());

}

}

三、小结

本文主要围绕 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 接受数据的插入和搜索使用技巧,在实际的使用过程中,版本号尤其的重要,不同版本的 es,对应的 api 是不一样的。

以上就是SpringBoot+Elasticsearch实现数据搜索的方法详解的详细内容,更多关于SpringBoot Elasticsearch数据搜索的资料请关注我们其它相关文章!


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