分析讲解SpringMVC注解配置如何实现（springmvc参数绑定注解）

目录简介注解类代替web.xml注解类代替Spring-mvc.xml

简介

使用配置类和注解代替web.xml和SpringMVC配置文件的功能

在Servlet3.0环境中，容器会在类路径中查找实现javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer接口的类，如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet容器。 Spring提供了这个接口的实现，名为SpringServletContainerInitializer，这个类又会查找实现WebApplicationInitializer的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成。Spring3.2引入了一个便利的WebApplicationInitializer基础实现，名为AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer，当我们的类扩展了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer并将其部署到Servlet3.0容器的时候，容器会自动发现它，并用它来配置Servlet上下文。

意思就是容器会自动发现继承了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer的子类，并用它来配置servlet上下文。（用来代替web.xml）

注解类代替web.xml

package com.hxut.rj1192.annoation;

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;

import org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

import javax.servlet.Filter;

//代替web.xml filter过滤器 spring springmvc的配置类 dispracture的映射路径

public class webXml extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

// 指定spring配置类

@Override

protected Class>[] getRootConfigClasses() {

return new Class[] {SpringConfig.class};

}

// 指定springmvc配置类

@Override

protected Class>[] getServletConfigClasses() {

return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};

}

// 指定dispracture的映射路径 即url-pattern

@Override

protected String[] getServletMappings() {

return new String[]{"/"};

}

//注册编码过滤器

@Override

protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {

CharacterEncodingFilter encodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();

encodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");

encodingFilter.setForceRequestEncoding(true);

HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();

return new Filter[]{encodingFilter, hiddenHttpMethodFilter};

}

}

注解类代替Spring-mvc.xml

Spring-mvc配置文件（不管是xml还是注解的类）有如下八个功能

视图解析器  扫描包的范围（组件扫描）  view-controller（只返回视图的控制方法）  defalut-servlet-handler  静态资源处理mvc注解驱动  文件上传解析器  异常处理  拦截器

package com.hxut.rj1192.annoation;

import com.hxut.rj1192.InterceptorRegistry01;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;

import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;

import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;

import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;

import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;

import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ITemplateResolver;

import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Properties;

//1视图解析器 2扫描包的范围（组件扫描） 3view-controller（只返回视图的控制方法） 4defalut-servlet-handler 静态资源处理和

//5 mvc注解驱动 6文件上传解析器 7异常处理 8拦截器

//代替springmvc的配置文件

//扫描包的范围（组件扫描）

@ComponentScan("com.hxut.rj1192")

//开启MVC注解驱动

@EnableWebMvc

@Configuration

public class SpringMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

//配置视图解析器

// 这个注解是将类放进ioc容器中 因为web.xml中就是嵌套的,

@Bean

public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {

WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();

// ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数，可通过WebApplicationContext 的方法获得

ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(

webApplicationContext.getServletContext());

templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");

templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");

templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);

return templateResolver;

}

//生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器

@Bean

public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {

SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();

templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);

return templateEngine;

}

//生成视图解析器并未解析器注入模板引擎

@Bean

public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {

ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();

viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);

return viewResolver;

}

//default-servlet configuure

@Override

public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {

WebMvcConfigurer.super.configureDefaultServletHandling(configurer);

}

@Override

public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {

InterceptorRegistry01 interceptorRegistry=new InterceptorRegistry01();

// addPathPatterns("/");是设置拦截的url

// excludePathPatterns(); 是设置不拦截的url

registry.addInterceptor(interceptorRegistry).addPathPatterns("/");

}

//视图控制器

@Override

public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("succes");

}

//配置文件上传解析器

@Bean

public CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver(){

CommonsMultipartResolver commonsMultipartResolver=new CommonsMultipartResolver();

return commonsMultipartResolver;

}

//配置异常映射

@Override

public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List resolvers) {

SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();

Properties prop = new Properties();

prop.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error");

//设置异常映射

exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(prop);

//设置共享异常信息的键

exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("ex");

resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);

}

}

全用xml写：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:mvc="http://springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://springframework.org/schema/beans http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/context https://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/mvc https://springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

error

<! --3.view-controller-->

<! --4.文件上传解析器-->

class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">

<! --7.异常处理-->

error

<! --8.拦截器-->

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:mvc="http://springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://springframework.org/schema/beans http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/context https://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/mvc https://springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

error

<! --3.view-controller-->

<! --4.文件上传解析器-->

class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">

class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">

<! --7.异常处理-->

error

<! --8.拦截器-->

拦截器文件

package com.hxut.rj1192;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class InterceptorRegistry01 implements HandlerInterceptor {

@Override

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

System.out.println("prehandle 执行");

return true;

}

@Override

public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

System.out.println("posthandle 执行");

HandlerInterceptor.super.postHandle(request, response, handler, modelAndView);

}

@Override

public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

System.out.println("afterhandle 执行");

HandlerInterceptor.super.afterCompletion(request, response, handler, ex);

}

}

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