Java实战之基于TCP实现简单聊天程序

Java实战之基于TCP实现简单聊天程序

目录一、如何实现TCP通信二、编写C/S架构聊天程序1.编写服务器端程序 - Server.java2.编写客户端程序 - Client.java3.测试服务器端与客户端能否通信4.程序优化思路 - 服务器端采用多线程

一、如何实现TCP通信

要实现TCP通信需要创建一个服务器端程序和一个客户端程序，为了保证数据传输的安全性，首先需要实现服务器端程序，然后在编写客户端程序。

在本机运行服务器端程序，在远程机运行客户端程序

本机的IP地址：192.168.129.222

远程机的IP地址：192.168.214.213

二、编写C/S架构聊天程序

1.编写服务器端程序 - Server.java

在net.hw.network包里创建Server类

package net.hw.network;

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import java.io.DataInputStream;

import java.io.DataOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.ServerSocket;

import java.net.Socket;

/**

* 功能：服务器端

* 日期：2022年03月18日

*/

public class Server extends JFrame {

static final int PORT = 8136;

static final String HOST_IP = "192.168.129.222";

private JPanel panel1, panel2;

private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput, txtInputIP;

private jscrollPane panContent, panInput;

private JButton btnClose, btnSend;

private ServerSocket serverSocket;

private Socket socket;

private DataInputStream netIn;

private DataOutputStream netOut;

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Server();

}

public Server() {

super("服务器");

//创建组件

panel1 = new JPanel();

panel2 = new JPanel();

txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60);

txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60);

panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);

panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);

btnClose = new JButton("关闭");

btnSend = new JButton("发送");

//添加组件

getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center");

getContentPane().add(panel1, "South");

panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));

panel1.add(panInput);

panel1.add(panel2);

panel2.add(btnSend);

panel2.add(btnClose);

//设置组件属性

txtContent.setEditable(false);

txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13));

txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));

txtContent.setLineWrap(true);

txtInput.setLineWrap(true);

txtInput.requestFocus();

setSize(450, 350);

setLocation(50, 200);

setResizable(false);

setVisible(true);

//等候客户请求

try {

txtContent.append("服务器已启动...\n");

serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT);

txtContent.append("等待客户请求...\n");

socket = serverSocket.accept();

txtContent.append("连接一个客户。\n" + socket + "\n");

netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

} catch (IOException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

/

//注册监听器，编写事件代码

txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {

displayClientMsg();

}

});

txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {

displayClientMsg();

}

});

panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {

displayClientMsg();

}

});

txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {

public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

displayClientMsg();

}

});

txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() {

public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {

displayClientMsg();

}

});

btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

try {

String serverMsg = txtInput.getText();

if (!serverMsg.trim().equals("")) {

txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n");

netOut.writeUTF(serverMsg);

} else {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "服务器", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);

}

txtInput.setText("");

txtInput.requestFocus();

} catch (IOException ie) {

ie.printStackTrace();

}

}

});

btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {

try {

netIn.close();

netOut.close();

socket.close();

serverSocket.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.exit(0);

}

});

addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {

public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {

try {

netIn.close();

netOut.close();

socket.close();

serverSocket.close();

} catch (IOException ie) {

ie.printStackTrace();

}

System.exit(0);

}

public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {

bfuDHsimoU txtInput.requestFocus();

}

});

}

//显示客户端信息

void displayClientMsg() {

try {

if (netIn.available() > 0) {

String clientMsg = netIn.readUTF();

txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n");

}

} catch (IOException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

2.编写客户端程序 - Client.java

在net.hw.network包里创建Client类

package net.hw.network;

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import java.io.DataInputStream;

import java.io.DataOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

/**

* 功能：客户端

* 日期：2022年03月18日

*/

public class Client extends JFrame {

private JPanel panel1, panel2;

private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput;

private JScrollPane panContent, panInput;

private JButton btnClose, btnSend;

private Socket socket;

private DataInputStream netIn;

private DataOutputStream netOut;

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Client();

}

public Client() {

super("客户端");

//创建组件

panel1 = new JPanel();

panel2 = new JPanel();

txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60);

http:// txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60);

panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);

panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);

btnClose = new JButton("关闭");

btnSend = new JButton("发送");

//添加组件

getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center");

getContentPane().add(panel1, "South");

panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));

panel1.add(panInput);

panel1.add(panel2);

panel2.add(btnSend);

panel2.add(btnClose);

//设置组件属性

txtContent.setEditable(false);

txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13));

txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));

txtContent.setLineWrap(true);

txtInput.setLineWrap(true);

txtInput.requestFocus();

setSize(450, 350);

setLocation(550, 200);

setResizable(false);

setVisible(true);

//连接服务器

try {

txtContent.append("连接服务器...\n");

socket = new Socket(Server.HOST_IP, Server.PORT);

txtContent.append("连接服务器成功。\n" + socket + "\n");

netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

} catch (IOException e1) {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "服务器连接失败！\n请先启动服务器程序！", "客户端", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);

System.exit(1);

}

/

//注册监听器，编写事件代码

txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {

displayServerMsg();

}

});

txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {

displayServerMsg();

}

});

panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {

displayServerMsg();

}

});

txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {

public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

displayServerMsg();

}

});

txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() {

public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {

displayServerMsg();

}

});

btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

try {

String clientMsg = txtInput.getText();

if (!clientMsg.trim().equals("")) {

netOut.writeUTF(clientMsg);

txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n");

} else {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "客户端", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);

}

txtInput.setText("");

txtInput.requestFocus();

} catch (IOException ie) {

ie.printStackTrace();

}

}

});

btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

try {

netIn.close();

netOut.close();

socket.close();

} catch (IOException ie) {

ie.printStackTrace();

}

System.exit(0);

}

});

addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {

public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {

try {

netIn.close();

netOut.close();

socket.close();

} catch (IOException ie) {

ie.printStackTrace();

}

System.exit(0);

}

public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {

txtInput.requestFocus();

}

});

}

//显示服务端信息

void displayServerMsg() {

try {

if (netIn.available() > 0) {

String serverMsg = netIn.readUTF();

txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n");

}

} catch (IOException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

3.测试服务器端与客户端能否通信

在本机[192.168.129.222]上启动服务器端

在远程机[192.168.214.213]上启动客户端

显示连接服务器[192.168.129.222]成功，切换到服务器端查看,显示连接了一个客户[192.168.214.213]

此时，服务器端和客户端就可以相互通信了

4.程序优化思路 - 服务器端采用多线程

其实，很多服务器端程序都是允许被多个应用程序访问的，例如门户网站可以被多个用户同时访问，因此服务器端都是多线程的。

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