shell练习（实验 掌握基本shell命令的使用）

shell练习（实验 掌握基本shell命令的使用）

目录：

1、监控MySQL主从同步... 1

2、批量创建文件及改名... 3

3、批量创建用户随机密码... 6

4、判断网络主机存活... 7

5、解决DOS攻击生产案例... 7

6、MySQL启动脚本... 8

7、分库备份... 11

8、分库分表备份... 11

9、打印字母数不大于6的单词... 12

10、比较2个整数大小... 15

11、打印选择菜单... 17

12、监控web、db服务... 20

12.1 监控web服务... 20

12.1.1本地端口判断... 20

12.1.2本地进程判断... 20

12.1.3远程端口判断... 21

12.1.4获取返回内容判断... 22

12.1.5根据状态码判断... 22

12.2 监控db服务... 23

12.2.1插入与查询的值对比判断... 23

12.2.2返回值判断... 24

12.2.3本地端口对比... 24

12.2.4本地进程判断... 25

12.2.5远程端口判断... 25

13、监控memcache服务... 26

14、监控web站点目录... 27

15、rsync的系统启动脚本... 29

16、抽奖... 31

17、破解密码... 34

18、批量检查多个网站地址是否正常... 35

1、监控MySQL主从同步

企业面试题1：监控MySQL主从同步是否异常，如果异常，则发送短信或者邮件给管理员。提示：如果没主从同步环境,可以用下面文本放到文件里读取来模拟：

阶段1：开发一个守护进程脚本每30秒实现检测一次。

阶段2：如果同步出现如下错误号（1158,1159,1008,1007,1062），则跳过错误。

阶段3：请使用数组技术实现上述脚本（获取主从判断及错误号部分）

模拟文本

[root@oldboy~]# mysql -uroot-p'oldboy' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slavestatus\G;"*************************** 1.row *************************** Slave_IO_State:Waiting formaster to send event Master_Host:10.0.0.179 #当前的mysql master服务器主机 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000013 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 502547 Relay_Log_File:relay-bin.000013 Relay_Log_Pos:251 Relay_Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000013 Slave_IO_Running:Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 502547 Relay_Log_Space:502986 Until_Condition:None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 #和主库比同步延迟的秒数，这个参数很重要Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: 脚本 [root@shell scripts]# vicheck_mysql_slave.sh#!/bin/sh#oldboy linux training#2015-05-17#说明：本脚本来自老男孩linux21期学员张耀开发！# Source function library.. /etc/init.d/functions # Defined variablesMysqlUser=rootMysqlPass=oldboy123MysqlPort=3307Mysqlsock=/data/$MysqlPort/mysql.sockErrorNo=(1158 1159 1008 10071062)errorlog=/tmp/error_skip.logMysqlCmd="/application/mysql/bin/mysql-u$MysqlUser -p$MysqlPass -S $Mysqlsock" # Judge mysql server is ok?[ -S $Mysqlsock ] ||{ echo "Maybe MySQL have sometingwrong" exit 1} # Defined skip error Functionsfunction error_skip(){ local flag flag=0 for num in ${ErrorNo[@]} do if [ "$1" == "$num"];then $MysqlCmd -e'stop slave;set globalsql_slave_skip_counter=1;start slave;' echo "$(date +%F_%R) $1">>$errorlog else echo "$(date +%F_%R) $1">>$errorlog ((flag++)) fi done [ "$flag" =="${#ErrorNo[@]}" ] &&{ action "MySQL Slave"/bin/false uniq $errorlog|mail -s "MySQLSlave is error" 12345678@qq.com }} # Defined check slave Functionsfunction check_slave(){ MyResult=`$MysqlCmd -e'show slavestatus\G'|egrep '_Running|Behind_Master|SQL_Errno' |awk '{print $NF}'` array=($MyResult) if [ "${array[0]}" =="Yes" -a "${array[1]}" == "Yes" -a"${array[2]}" == "0" ] then action "MySQL Slave"/bin/true elseerror_skip ${array[3]} fi} # Defined main Functionsfunction main(){ while true do check_slave sleep 60 done}main

2、批量创建文件及改名

企业面试题2：使用for循环在/oldboy目录下通过随机小写10个字母，批量创建10个html文件，名称例如为：

[root@oldboy oldboy]# sh/server/scripts/oldboy.sh

[root@oldboy oldboy]# ls -l

total 0

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 coaolvajcq_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 gmkhrancxh_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 jdxexendbe_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 qcawgsrtkp_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 qnvuxvicni_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 tmdjormaxr_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 ugaywanjlm_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 vfrphtqjpc_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 vioesjmcbu_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 wzewnojiwe_oldboy.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1511:34 xzzruhdzda_oldboy.html

请用至少两种方法实现，将以上文件名中的oldboy全部改成oldgirl(用for循环实现),并且html改成大写。

2.1批量创建脚本[root@shell scripts]# vitouch2.sh #!/bin/bashPath=/oldboy[ -d $Path ] || mkdir $Path for i in `seq 10` do char=`echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 2-11|tr[0-9] [a-j]` touch $Path/${char}_oldboy.htmldone[root@shell scripts]# shtouch2.sh [root@shell scripts]# ll -h/oldboy/total 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 aeddbiacdj_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bccbacghba_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bdhijefefb_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bhfghjcgaa_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ddaacedijc_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ebcbbfabaf_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ecafccebbi_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 egcdafafad_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 iehfcgfaef_oldboy.html-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ifddfaaicd_oldboy.html 2.2批量改名[root@shell scripts]# vimv2.sh #!/bin/bashPath=/oldboy[ -d $Path ] && cd $Pathfor file in `ls` do mv $file `echo $file|sed -e"s#oldboy#oldgirl#g" -e "s#html#HTML#g" `done[root@shell scripts]# sh mv2.sh[root@shell scripts]# ll -h/oldboy/total 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 aeddbiacdj_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bccbacghba_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bdhijefefb_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 bhfghjcgaa_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ddaacedijc_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ebcbbfabaf_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ecafccebbi_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 egcdafafad_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 iehfcgfaef_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1107:49 ifddfaaicd_oldgirl.HTML [root@shell scripts]# vimv3.sh #!/bin/bashPath=/oldboy[ -d $Path ] && cd $Pathfor file in `ls` do mv $file `echo${file/oldboy.html/oldgirl.HTML}`done[root@shell scripts]# sh mv3.sh[root@shell scripts]# ll -h/oldboy/ total 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 abcaeacdbe_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 affabgbccg_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 badbifffbg_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 ccbcifibbe_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 cchbacgegb_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 cdfbjfdiib_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 chjechdgab_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 ghibcfcbee_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 icafaafbdb_oldgirl.HTML-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 1108:12 igiijhbebj_oldgirl.HTML

3、批量创建用户随机密码

企业面试题3：批量创建10个系统帐号oldboy01-oldboy10并设置密码（密码为随机8位字符串）。

[root@shell scripts]# viuseradd.sh#! /bin/bash. /etc/init.d/functions Path=/server/scriptsUserDb=$Path/user.dbFailDb=$Path/fail_user.db [ -d "$Path" ] || mkdir-p $Path[ -f "$UserDb" ] ||touch $UserDb[ -f "$FailDb" ] ||touch $FailDb for n in $(seq -w 10) do passwd=`echo $(date+%t%N)$RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 2-9` useradd oldboy$n >&/dev/null&& user_status=$? echo "$passwd"|passwd --stdinoldboy$n >&/dev/null && pass_status=$? if [ $user_status -eq 0 -a $pass_status -eq0 ];then action "adduser oldboy$n"/bin/true echo -e "user:\toldboy$npass:$passwd" >>$UserDb else action "adduser oldboy$n"/bin/false echo -e "user:\toldboy$npass:$passwd" >>$FailDb fidone[root@shell scripts]# shuseradd.sh adduser oldboy01 [ OK ]adduser oldboy02 [ OK ]adduser oldboy03 [ OK ]adduser oldboy04 [ OK ]adduser oldboy05 [ OK ]adduser oldboy06 [ OK ]adduser oldboy07 [ OK ]adduser oldboy08 [ OK ]adduser oldboy09 [ OK ]adduser oldboy10 [ OK ][root@shell scripts]# cat user.dbuser: oldboy01 pass:f3291720user: oldboy02 pass:457a9f30user: oldboy03 pass:ff186389user: oldboy04 pass:8f884b7cuser: oldboy05 pass:26f831b4user: oldboy06 pass:344e2300user: oldboy07 pass:0736b278user: oldboy08 pass:67c1fa76user: oldboy09 pass:b11e7aa9user: oldboy10 pass:9e0c3673

4、判断网络主机存活

企业面试题4：写一个脚本，实现判断10.0.0.0/24网络里，当前在线用户的IP有哪些（方法有很多）

#!/bin/shfor n in `seq 254`do ping -c1 10.0.0.$n &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo "10.0.0.$n is up ">>/tmp/uplist.log else echo "10.0.0.$n is down ">>/tmp/downlist.log fidone

5、解决DOS攻击生产案例

企业实战题5：请用至少两种方法实现！写一个脚本解决DOS攻击生产案例。

提示：根据web日志或者或者网络连接数，监控当某个IP并发连接数或者短时内PV达到100，即调用防火墙命令封掉对应的IP，监控频率每隔3分钟。防火墙命令为：iptables-AINPUT -s 10.0.1.10 -j DROP。

[root@shell scripts]# vi dos.sh#!/bin/bash log=/tmp/tmp.log [ -f $log ] || touch $log function add_iptables(){ whileread line do ip=`echo $line|awk '{print $2}'` count=`echo $line|awk '{print $1}'` if [ $count -gt 100 ] && [`iptables -L -n|grep "$ip"|wc -l` -lt 1 ] then iptables -I INPUT -s $ip -jDROP echo "$line isdropped" >>/tmp/droplist.log fi done<$log} function main(){ whiletrue do #awk '{print $1}' access.log|grep-v "^$"|sort|uniq -c >$log netstat -an|grep EST|awk -F '[:]+' '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c >$log add_iptables sleep 180 done} main

6、MySQL启动脚本

企业实战题6：开发mysql多实例启动脚本：

已知mysql多实例启动命令为：mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf&

停止命令为：mysqladmin -u root -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sockshutdown

请完成mysql多实例启动启动脚本的编写

要求：用函数，case语句、if语句等实现。

[root@shell scripts]# vi mysqld1.sh#!/bin/bash# chkconfig: 2345 65 37# description: manager multiplemysqld server. # Warning: This script uses the/etc/init.d/functions system function.# System kernel version isCentOS6.6,2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.# I'm not sure whether other systemscan be used normally.# Source function library.. /etc/init.d/functions Port=$2datadir=/data/$2Path="/application/mysql"CmdPath="$Path/bin"MysqlCmd="$CmdPath/mysqld_safe"prog=mysqldPort=$2datadir=/data/$2pidfile=${PIDFILE-$datadir/mysqld.pid}lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/mysqld$Port}MysqlConf="$datadir/my.cnf"RETVAL=0 Usage1(){ echo -e "\033[33m USAGE: $0 {startport|stop port|status port|restart port} \033[0m" exit 6} Usage2(){ echo -e "\033[33m MySQL DaemonProgram Need Configuration File,like $datadir/my.cnf \033[0m" exit 6} [ -n "$Port" -a -z "`echo"${Port//[0-9]/}"`" ] || Usage1 start(){ [ -x $MysqlCmd ] || exit 5 [ -f $MysqlConf ] || Usage2 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon --pidfile=${pidfile}"$MysqlCmd --defaults-file=$MysqlConf &>/dev/null &" sleep 1 RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch${lockfile} return $RETVAL} stop(){ echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $pidfile retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f${lockfile} return $retval} restart() { stop sleep 1 start} rh_status() { status -p $pidfile} rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1} case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart) $1 ;; status) rh_status ;; *) Usage1 exit 2esac

7、分库备份

企业实战题7:如何实现对MySQL数据库进行分库备份，请用脚本实现

[root@shell scripts]# vifenku_backup.sh #!/bin/bashMysqlUser=rootPassWord=oldboy123Port=3306Socket="/data/$Port/mysql.sock"MysqlCmd="mysql -u$MysqlUser-p$PassWord -S $Socket"Database=`$MysqlCmd -e "showdatabases;"|egrep -v "Database|_schema|mysql"`MysqlDump="mysqldump-u$MysqlUser -p$PassWord -S $Socket"IP=`ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[:]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'`BackupDir=/backup/$IP [ -d $BackupDir ] || mkdir -p$BackupDir for dbname in $Database do $MysqlDump --events -B $dbname|gzip>/$BackupDir/${dbname}_$(date +%F)_bak.sql.gzdone[root@shell 10.0.0.3]# lschongtu_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz oldboy_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz test_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gzmysql_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz qqqqqq_2015-04-11_bak.sql.gz

8、分库分表备份

企业实战题8:如何实现对MySQL数据库进行分库加分表备份，请用脚本实现

[root@shell scripts]# vifenbiao_backup.sh#!/bin/bashMysqlUser=rootPassWord=oldboy123Port=3306Socket="/data/$Port/mysql.sock"MysqlCmd="mysql -u$MysqlUser-p$PassWord -S $Socket"Database=`$MysqlCmd -e "showdatabases;"|egrep -v "Database|_schema|mysql"`MysqlDump="mysqldump-u$MysqlUser -p$PassWord -S $Socket"IP=`ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[:]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'`BackupDir=/backup/$IP [ -d $BackupDir ] || mkdir -p$BackupDir for dbname in $Database do [ ! -d /$BackupDir/$dbname ] &&mkdir -p /$BackupDir/$dbname TABLE=`$MysqlCmd -e "show tables from$dbname;"|sed '1d'` for table in $TABLE do $MysqlDump $dbname $table|gzip>/$BackupDir/$dbname/${dbname}_${table}_$(date +%F).sql.gz donedone

9、打印字母数不大于6的单词

企业面试题9： bash for循环打印下面这句话中字母数不大于6的单词(昆仑万维面试题)。

Iam oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class.

请用至少两种方法实现！

[root@shell scripts]# vi length.sh#!/bin/bash echo "-------wc -L----"for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class. do if [ `echo ${word}|wc -L` -le 6 ] then echo $word fidone echo"-----{#word}-----"for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class. do if [ ${#word} -le 6 ] then echo $word fidone echo "-----exprlength-----"for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class. do if [ `expr length "$word"` -le 6] then echo $word fidone echo"-----{word:0:6}-----"for word in I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class.do if [ "$word" =="${word:0:6}" ] then echo $word fidone echo "-----awk-----"echo "I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class"|awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)if(length($i)<=6)print $i}' echo "-----awk2-----"echo -n "I am oldboy teacherwelcome to oldboy training class." | awk 'BEGIN {RS=FS} length($0)<=6{print $0}' echo "-----数组-----"arr=(I am oldboy teacher welcometo oldboy training class.)for word in ${arr[@]}do if [ ${#word} -le 6 ] then echo $word fidone echo-----------------------------for((i=0;i<${#arr[*]};i++))do if [ ${#arr[$i]} -le 6 ] then echo ${arr[$i]} fidone[root@shell scripts]# shlength.sh -------wc -L----Iamoldboytooldboyclass.-----{#word}-----Iamoldboytooldboyclass.-----expr length-----Iamoldboytooldboyclass.-----{word:0:6}-----Iamoldboytooldboyclass.-----awk-----Iamoldboytooldboyclass-----awk2-----Iamoldboytooldboyclass.-----数组-----Iamoldboytooldboyclass.-----------------------------Iamoldboytooldboyclass.

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