Java基于Netty实现Http server的实战

网友投稿 572 2022-08-26


Java基于Netty实现Http server的实战

目录HTTP协议基础知识Netty的http协议栈基于Netty实现httpserver

HTTP协议基础知识

HTTP(超文本传输协议,英文:HyperText Transfer Protocol,缩写:HTTP)是基于TCP/IP协议的应用层的协议,常用于分布式、协作式和超媒体信息系统的应用层协议。

http协议的主要特点:(1)支持CS(客户端/服务器)模式。(2)使用简单,指定URL并携带必要的参数即可。(3)灵活。传输非常多类型的数据对象,通过Content-Type指定即可。(4)无状态。

我们日常浏览器输入一个url,请求服务器就是用的http协议,url的格式如下:

http请求体的组成:

方法urihttp版本参数

请求方法:

GET 请求获取Request-URI所标识的资源POST 在Request-URI所标识的资源后附加新的数据HEAD 请求获取由Request-URI所标识的资源的响应消息报头PUT 请求服务器存储一个资源,并用Request-URI作为其标识DELETE 请求服务器删除Request-URI所标识的资源TRACE 请求服务器回送收到的请求信息,主要用于测试或诊断CONNECT 保留将来使用OPTIONS 请求查询服务器的性能,或者查询与资源相关的选项和需求

响应状态码:

1xx Informational2xx Success3xx Redirection4xx Client Error5xx Server Error

HTTP 1 VS HTTP 2:http 1不支持长连接,每次请求建立连接,响应后就关闭连接。HTTP2支持长连接,连接复用。

Netty的http协议栈

netty提供了对http/https协议的支持,我们可以基于netty很容易写出http应用程序。(1)编解码

HttpRequestEncoder 对 HTTP 请求进行编码,用于客户端出参HttpResponseEncoder 对 HTTP 响应进行编码,用于服务端出参HttpRequestDecoder 对 HTTP 请求进行解码,用于服务端入参处理HttpResponseDecoder 对 HTTP 响应进行解码,用于客户端对响应结果解析解析

(2)请求体FullHttpRequest和响应体FullHttpResponseFullHttpRequest

HttpRequest:请求头信息对象;HttpContent:请求正文对象,一个 FullHttpRequest 中可以包含多个 HttpContent;LastHttpContent:标记请求正文的结束,可能会包含请求头的尾部信息;

FullHttpResponse

HttpResponse:响应头信息对象;HttpContent:响应正文对象,一个 FullHttpResponse 中可以包含多个 HttpContent;LastHttpContent:标记响应正文的结束,可能会包含响应头的尾部信息;

(3)HttpObjectAggregator-http消息聚合器

http的post请求包含3部分:

request line(method、uri、protocol version)headerbody

HttpObjectAggregator能够把多个部分整合在一个java对象中(另外消息体比较大的时候,还可能会分成多个消息,都会被聚合成一个整体对象),方便使用。

基于Netty实现http server

整体架构设计:

核心类SimpleHttpServer:

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;

import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

/**

* http server based netty

*

* @author summer

* @version $Id: SimpleHttpServer.java, v 0.1 2022年01月26日 9:34 AM summer Exp $

*/

@Slf4j

public class SimpleHttpServer {

/**

* host

*/

private final static String host = "127.0.0.1";

/**

* 端口号

*/

private final static Integer port = 8085;

/**

* netty服务端启动方法

*/

public void start() {

log.info("SimpleHttpServer start begin ");

EventLoopGroup bossEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);

EventLoopGroup workerEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

try {

ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap()

.group(bossEventLoopGroup, workerEventLoopGroup)

.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)

//开启tcp nagle算法

.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)

//开启长连接

.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)

.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {

@Override

protected void initChannel(SocketChannel c) {

c.pipeline().addLast(new HttpRequestDecoder())

.addLast(new HttpResponseEncoder())

.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(512 * 1024))

.addLast(new SimpleHttpServerHandler());

}

});

ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(host, port).sync();

log.info("SimpleHttpServer start at port " + port);

channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

} catch (Exception e) {

log.error("SimpleHttpServer start exception,", e);

} finally {

log.info("SimpleHttpServer shutdown bossEventLoopGroup&workerEventLoopGroup gracefully");

bossEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();

workerEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();

}

}

}

实际处理请求的netty handler是SimpleHttpServerHandler:

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* http服务端处理handler实现

*

* @author summer

* @version $Id: SimpleHttpServerHandler.java, v 0.1 2022年01月26日 9:44 AM summer Exp $

*/

@Slf4j

public class SimpleHttpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler {

@Override

protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest fullHttpRequest) {

try {

log.info("SimpleHttpServerHandler receive fullHttpRequest=" + fullHttpRequest);

String result = doHandle(fullHttpRequest);

log.info("SimpleHttpServerHandler,result=" + result);

byte[] responseBytes = result.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0, HttpResponseStatus.OK,

Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(responseBytes));

response.headers().set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8");

response.headers().setInt("Content-Length", response.content().readableBytes());

boolean isKeepAlive = HttpUtil.isKeepAlive(resplOZtcNUaonse);

if (!isKeepAlive) {

ctx.write(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);

} else {

response.headers().set("Connection", "keep-alive");

ctx.write(response);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

log.error("channelRead0 exception,", e);

}

}

@Override

public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {

cause.printStackTrace();

ctx.close();

}

@Override

public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {

ctx.flush();

}

/**

* 实际处理

*

* @param fullHttpRequest HTTP请求参数

* @return

*/

private String doHandle(FullHttpRequest fullHttpRequest) {

if (HttpMethod.GET == fullHttpRequest.method()) {

QueryStringDecoder queryStringDecoder = new QueryStringDecoder(fullHttpRequest.uri());

Map> params = queryStringDecoder.parameters();

return JSON.toJSONString(params);

} else if (HttpMethod.POST == fullHttpRequest.method()) {

return fullHttpRequest.content().toString();

}

return "";

}

}

在主线程中启动服务端:

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication

public class SimplehttpserverApplication {

public stlOZtcNUaatic void main(String[] args) {

SimpleHttpServer simpleHttpServer = new SimpleHttpServer();

simpleHttpServer.start();

SpringApplication.run(SimplehttpserverApplication.class, args);

}

}

启动成功:

利用postman工具发起http请求进行测试,这里简单测试get请求:http://127.0.0.1:8085/?name=name1&value=v2

服务端日志也打印出了处理情况,处理正常:

19:24:59.629 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-3] INFO com.summer.simplehttpserver.SimpleHttpServerHandler - SimpleHttpServerHandler receive fullHttpRequest=HttpObjectAggregator$AggregatedFullHttpRequest(decodeResult: success, version: HTTP/1.1, content: CompositeByteBuf(ridx: 0, widx: 0, cap: 0, components=0))GET /?name=name1&value=v2 HTTP/1.1User-Agent: PostmanRuntime/7.26.8Accept: */*Cache-Control: no-cachePostman-Token: 7dda7e2d-6f76-4008-8b74-c2b7d78f4b2eHost: 127.0.0.1:8085Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, brConnection: keep-alivecontent-length: 019:24:59.629 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-3] INFO com.summer.simplehttpserver.SimpleHttpServerHandler - SimpleHttpServerHandler,result={"name":["name1"],"value":["v2"]}


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