python httplib模块HTTP请求详解(python能做什么)

网友投稿 369 2022-08-31


python httplib模块HTTP请求详解(python能做什么)

文章目录

​​1. 介绍​​​​2. 安装​​​​3. class HTTPConnection()​​

​​3.1.1 语法​​​​3.1.2 用法​​​​3.1.3 参数​​​​3.1.4 返回​​​​3.1.5 详解​​

​​3.2 HTTPSConnection()​​

​​3.2.1 语法​​​​3.2.2 用法​​​​3.2.3 参数​​​​3.2.4 返回​​​​3.2.5 详解​​​​3.2.6 实例代码​​

​​3.3 HTTPConnection.request()​​

​​3.3.1 语法​​​​3.3.2 用法​​​​3.3.3 参数​​​​3.3.4 返回​​​​3.3.5 代码​​

​​3.4 HTTPConnection.getresponse()​​

​​3.4.1 说明​​​​3.4.2 返回​​​​3.4.3 代码​​

​​3.5 HTTPConnection.connect()​​​​3.6 HTTPConnection.close()​​​​3.7 HTTPConnection.set_debuglevel( level )​​

​​4. class HTTPResponse.read([amt])​​​​4.2 HTTPResponse.getheaders()​​​​4.3 HTTPResponse.msg()​​​​4.4 HTTPResponse.msg​​​​4.5 HTTPResponse.status​​​​4.6 HTTPResponse.reason​​

​​5. class 异常处理​​​​7. 实战​​

1. 介绍

安装

[root@localhost ~]# pip install Downloading (220kB): 220kB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/egg_info for package Installing collected packages: Running setup.py install for Successfully installed up...

3. class HTTPConnection()

3.1.1 语法

class strict[, timeout[, source_address]]]])

3.1.2 用法

该类用于创建一个参数

host: 请求的服务器host,不能带服务器web服务端口strict: 是否严格检查请求的状态行,就是单次请求的超时时间,没有时默认使用返回

HTTPConnection类会实例并返回一个HTTPConnection对象

3.1.5 详解

HttpConnection的实例表示与HTTP服务器的事务。实例化时需要传递主机和可选的端口号。如果没有端口号,试图以host:port格式从主机字符串提取,如果提取失败则使用默认的HTTP端口(80)。 参数strict默认为false,表示在无法解析状态行时(status line)不能被HTTP/1.0或1.1解析时不抛出BadStatusLine异常;可选参数timeout表示即阻塞在多少秒后超时,如果没有给出默认使用全局超时设置。可选参数source_address表示HTTP的源地址(host, port)。

实例代代码:

import =connconn = connconn =connconn =connconn =connconn =conn

输出:

3.2 HTTPSConnection()

3.2.1 语法

用法

该类用于创建一个参数

key_file:一个包含PEM格式的私钥文件cert_file:一个包含PEM格式的认证文件other:其它同返回

同样返回一个HTTPSConnection对象

注意: 要创建详解

HttpConnection的子类,使用SSL与安全服务器通信。默认端口为443。key_file是包含PEM格式私钥的文件名称。 ​​cert_file​​中是PEM格式的证书链文件。

3.2.6 实例代码

import = HTTPConnection.request()

3.3.1 语法

HTTPConnection.request( method , url [ , body [ , headers ]] )

3.3.2 用法

调用request方法会向服务器发送一次请求

3.3.3 参数

method: 请求的方式,如’GET’,‘POST’,‘HEAD’,‘PUT’,'DELETE’等url: 请求的网页路径。如:’/index.html’body: 请求是否带数据,该参数是一个字典headers: 请求是否带头信息,该参数是一个字典,不过键的名字是指定的返回

无返回,其实就是相对于向服务其发送数据,但是没有最后回车

3.3.5 代码

import =conn.request('get','/','',{'user-agent':'test'})

3.4 HTTPConnection.getresponse()

3.4.1 说明

获取一个返回

HTTPResponse对象(下面会用到)

3.4.3 代码

[root@localhost cat = conn.getresponse()print res[root@localhost python instance at 0x7f459bd107e8>

3.5 HTTPConnection.connect()

说明:对象创建之后连接到指定的服务器

3.6 HTTPConnection.close()

说明:关闭与服务器的连接 代码:

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport = conn.getresponse()print resconn.close()

3.7 HTTPConnection.set_debuglevel( level )

说明: 设置高度的级别。参数level 的默认值为0 ,表示不输出任何调试信息

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport = conn.set_debuglevel(0)print debugconn.close()

4. class 它有如下方法和属性:

4.1 HTTPResponse.read([amt])

说明: 获得原型:body = res.read([amt])amt: 读取指定长度的字符,默认为空,即读取所有内容 返回:网页内容字符串 获取响应的消息体。如果请求的是一个普通的网页,那么该方法返回的是页面的html。可选参数amt表示从响应流中读取指定字节的数据。

[root@localhost cat = conn.getresponse()print res.read()[root@localhost python html> ·········

获取执指定的响应头。Name表示头域(headerfield)名,可选参数default在头域名不存在的情况下作为默认值返回。

4.2 HTTPResponse.getheaders()

说明; 获得所有的响应头内容,是一个元组列表[(name,value),(name2,value2)] 附代码:

[root@localhost cat = conn.getresponse()print res.getheaders()[root@localhost python '14615'), ('traceid', '1585662997043926733812101108609502278751'), ('set-cookie', 'BAIDUID=C1DA400A878388A271CC54BCDE99F6F5:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, BIDUPSID=C1DA400A878388A271CC54BCDE99F6F5; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, PSTM=1585662997; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, BAIDUID=C1DA400A878388A2E4674A2D94B0BB5F:FG=1; max-age=31536000; expires=Wed, 31-Mar-21 13:56:37 GMT; domain=.baidu.com; path=/; version=1; comment=bd'), ('accept-ranges', 'bytes'), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding'), ('server', 'BWS/1.1'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('x-ua-compatible', 'IE=Edge,chrome=1'), ('pragma', 'no-cache'), ('cache-control', 'no-cache'), ('date', 'Tue, 31 Mar 2020 13:56:37 GMT'), ('p3p', 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM ", CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "'), ('content-type', 'text/html')]

4.3 HTTPResponse.msg()

说明:获取所有的响应头信息。包含响应头的mimetools.Message实例

[root@localhost cat = conn.getresponse()print res.msg

[root@localhost python bytesCache-Control: no-cacheConnection: keep-aliveContent-Length: 14615Content-Type: text/htmlDate: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 13:59:33 GMTP3p: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "P3p: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "Pragma: no-cacheServer: BWS/1.1Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=03C55CB4B2F53EEB89BC70720ABA5DB8:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.comSet-Cookie: BIDUPSID=03C55CB4B2F53EEB89BC70720ABA5DB8; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.comSet-Cookie: PSTM=1585663173; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.comSet-Cookie: BAIDUID=03C55CB4B2F53EEB1D3F571BA752A14E:FG=1; max-age=31536000; expires=Wed, 31-Mar-21 13:59:33 GMT; domain=.baidu.com; path=/; version=1; comment=bdTraceid: 1585663173045617562611241334006733438813Vary: Accept-EncodingX-Ua-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1

4.4 HTTPResponse.msg

说明:获取服务器所使用的cat = conn.getresponse()print res.version

[root@localhost python HTTPResponse.status

说明: 获取响应的状态码。如:200表示请求成功

[root@localhost cat = conn.getresponse()print res.status

[root@localhost python HTTPResponse.reason

说明:返回服务器处理请求的结果说明。一般为”OK”

[root@localhost cat = conn.getresponse()print res.reason

[root@localhost python class 异常处理

exception 实战

[root@localhost cat urllibconn = Nonetry: params = urllib.urlencode({'name': 'qiye', 'age': 22}) headers = {"Content-type": "application/x- , "Accept": "text/plain"} conn = 80, timeout=3) conn.request("POST", "/login", params, headers) response = conn.getresponse() print response.getheaders() # 获取头信息 print response.status print response.read()except Exception, e: print efinally: if conn: conn.close()

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