【WSN通信】Matlab实现低能耗自适应聚类层次结构协议

【WSN通信】Matlab实现低能耗自适应聚类层次结构协议

1 简介

低能量自适应聚类层次(“LEACH”)是一种基于TDMA的MAC协议，它与聚类和无线传感器网络(WSN)中的简单路由协议相结合。 LEACH 的目标是降低创建和维护集群所需的能源消耗，以提高无线传感器网络的使用寿命。

LEACH 是一种分层协议，其中大多数节点向簇首传输数据，簇首聚合和压缩数据并转发到基站（宿）。每个节点在每一轮使用随机算法来确定它是否会成为本轮的簇头。 LEACH 假设每个节点都有一个足够强大的无线电，可以直接到达基站或最近的簇头，但是一直以全功率使用这个无线电会浪费能量。已经成为簇首的节点在 P 轮中不能再次成为簇首，其中 P 是簇首的期望百分比。此后，每个节点都有 1/P 的概率再次成为簇头。在每一轮结束时，不是簇头的每个节点都会选择最近的簇头并加入该簇。然后，簇头为其簇中的每个节点创建一个调度以传输其数据。根据簇头创建的调度，所有不是簇头的节点仅以 TDMA 方式与簇头通信。他们这样做使用到达簇头所需的最小能量，并且只需要在其时隙内保持无线电开启。

LEACH 还使用 CDMA，以便每个集群使用一组不同的 CDMA 代码，以最大限度地减少集群之间的干扰。

2 部分代码

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered %% heterogeneous wireless sensor networks %% %% (c) Georgios Smaragdakis %% WING group, Computer Science Department, Boston University %% %% You can find full documentation and related information at: %% %% % % To report your comment or any bug please send e-mail to: %% gsmaragd@cs.bu.edu %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% This is the SEP [1] code we have used. %% %% [1] Georgios Smaragdakis, Ibrahim Matta and Azer bestavros, % % "SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered %% heterogeneous wireless sensor networks", %% Second International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network %% Protocols and Applications (SANPA 2004),Boston MA, August % % 2004. %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%clear;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PARAMETERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Field Dimensions - x and y maximum (in meters)xm=100;ym=100;%x and y Coordinates of the Sinksink.x=0.5*xm;sink.y=0.5*ym;%Number of Nodes in the fieldn=100;%Optimal Election Probability of a node%to become cluster headp=0.1;%Energy Model (all values in Joules)%Initial Energy Eo=0.5;%Eelec=Etx=ErxETX=50*0.000000001;ERX=50*0.000000001;%Transmit Amplifier typesEfs=10*0.000000000001;Emp=0.0013*0.000000000001;%Data Aggregation EnergyEDA=5*0.000000001;%Values for Hetereogeneity%Percentage of nodes than are advancedm=0.1;%\alphaa=1;%maximum number of roundsrmax=1000;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END OF PARAMETERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Computation of dodo=sqrt(Efs/Emp); %Creation of the random Sensor Networkfigure(1);for i=1:1:n S(i).xd=rand(1,1)*xm; XR(i)=S(i).xd; S(i).yd=rand(1,1)*ym; YR(i)=S(i).yd; S(i).G=0; %initially there are no cluster heads only nodes S(i).type='N'; temp_rnd0=i; %Random Election of Normal Nodes if (temp_rnd0>=m*n+1) S(i).E=Eo; S(i).ENERGY=0; %%%%plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'o'); hold on; end %Random Election of Advanced Nodes if (temp_rnd0

3 仿真结果

4 参考文献

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