SpringBoot2.1.4中的错误处理机制

网友投稿 213 2022-09-22


SpringBoot2.1.4中的错误处理机制

目录SpringBoot 2.1.4 错误处理机制SpringBoot错误机制原理SpringBoot 2.1.3 错误处理机制引用的问题做个标记错误处理机制

SpringBoot 2.1.4 错误处理机制

springboot的自动配置中帮我们配置了相关的错误处理组件,例如访问一个不存在的页面,就会出现下面的错误页面,上面也会显示相应的信息

在Postman软件中模拟移动端访问,会获取如下响应的json数据:

可以发现springboot的错误处理机制很好的适应了不同客户端访问,浏览器返回页面,移动端返回json,那这背后springboot是如何处理的,显示的页面我想自己设计,或者返回的这些信息我们自己能够定制吗?

SpringBoot错误机制原理

springboot版本:2.1.4.RELEASE

1、默认错误页面生成机制

当我们在访问一个不存在的路径时,会出现上面的错误页面,这个页面不是我们自己创建的,而是由springboot帮我们生成的,那下面我们首先弄清楚这个默认的错误页面(Whitelabel Error Page)是怎么生成的。

1.1 springboot关于error的自动配置

在package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error包下有如下的类:

BasicErrorController、AbstractErrorController:错误请求控制器

DefaultErrorViewResolver:错误视图解析器

ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration:error的自动配置类

ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration

在这个配置类中注册了一些组件:

@Bean

@ConditionalOnMissingBean(

value = {ErrorAttributes.class},

search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT

)

// 关于error错误信息的相关类

public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {

return new DefaultErrorAttributes(this.serverProperties.getError().isIncludeException());

}

@Bean

@ConditionalOnMissingBean(

value = {ErrorController.class},

search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT

)

// 处理错误请求的控制器

public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {

return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(), this.errorViewResolvers);

}

@Bean

// 错误页面定制器

public ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer() {

return new ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorPageCustomizer(this.serverProperties, this.dispatcherServletPath);

}

第一步:ErrorPageCustomizer

private static class ErrorPageCustomizer implements ErrorPageRegistrar, Ordered {

private final ServerProperties properties;

private final DispatcherServletPath dispatcherServletPath;

protected ErrorPageCustomizer(ServerProperties properties, DispatcherServletPath dispatcherServletPath) {

this.properties = properties;

this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;

}

public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {

// getPath()获取到一个路径“/error”

ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.dispatcherServletPath.getRelativePath(this.properties.getError().getPath()));

// 关键点:这里讲将/error的errorPage注册到了servlet,在发生异常时就会转发到/error

errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(new ErrorPage[]{errorPage});

}

public int getOrder() {

return 0;

}

}

注意上面的注释,这里是为什么发生错误就会发起/error,很多博客都未说明,当然这里没有讨论其内部原理。

第二步:BasicErrorController

在错误发生后,发起 “/error” 请求,那这个 “/error” 就会由上面已经注册的BasicErrorController 接收处理。

@Controller // 表明是个控制器

@RequestMapping({"${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}"}) // 映射的路径:/error

public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {

private final ErrorProperties errorProperties;

public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ErrorProperties errorProperties) {

this(errorAttributes, errorProperties, Collections.emptyList());

}

public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ErrorProperties errorProperties, List errorViewResolvers) {

super(errorAttributes, errorViewResolvers);

Assert.notNull(errorProperties, "ErrorProperties must not be null");

this.errorProperties = errorProperties;

}

public String getErrorPath() {

return this.errorProperties.getPath();

}

// 处理浏览器的请求

@RequestMapping(

produces = {"text/html"}

)

public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);

Map model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));

response.setStatus(status.value());

ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);

return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);

}

// 处理移动端的请求

@RequestMapping

public ResponseEntity> error(HttpServletRequest request) {

eadYnfJZk Map body = this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));

HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);

return new ResponseEntity(body, status);

}

protected boolean isIncludeStackTrace(HttpServletRequest request, MediaType produces) {

IncludeStacktrace include = this.getErrorProperties().getIncludeStacktrace();

if (include == IncludeStacktrace.ALWAYS) {

return true;

} else {

return include == IncludeStacktrace.ON_TRACE_PARAM ? this.getTraceParameter(request) : false;

}

}

protected ErrorProperties getErrorProperties() {

return this.errorProperties;

}

}

这里可以解决一个疑惑,springboot怎么区分是浏览器还是移动端的,主要看这个方法的注解 produces={“text/html”} ,表示响应的数据是以html形式返回,这样当浏览器访问时就会调用这个方法

@RequestMapping(produces = {"text/html"})

public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){

...

客户端访问时就会调用下面的error方法。

@RequestMapping

public ResponseEntity> error(HttpServletRequest request) {

下面再来具体分析默认错误页面如何生成,还是来看到errorHTML方法:

public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

// 获取错误状态码,封装到HttpStatus里面

HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);

// 获取错误信息,以map形式返回,这个后面我们具体来看,到底我们能获取到哪些数据

Map model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));

// 设置响应体中状态码

response.setStatus(status.value());

// 关键点:这里就是在创建视图对象

ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);

return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);

}

下面来看这个resolveErrorView方法,这个方法是父类AbstractErrorController 中的:

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map model) {

// errorViewResolvers是一个list,存放ErrorViewResolver对象

Iterator var5 = this.errorViewResolvers.iterator();

ModelAndView modelAndView;

// 遍历集合

do {

if (!var5.hasNext()) {

return null;

}

ErrorViewResolver resolver = (ErrorViewResolver)var5.next();

// 关键点:解析器对象进行视图解析

modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);

} while(modelAndView == null);

return modelAndView;

}

这里的resolveErrorView方法属于DefaultErrorViewResolver:

public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map model) {

// 调用下面的方法解析视图,传入参数为错误状态码,错误信息的map

ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()), model);

if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {

modelAndView = this.resolve((String)SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);

}

return modelAndView;

}

private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map model) {

// 定义视图名,这里我们可以确定视图名:error/错误码,例如:error/404,

String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;

// 这里结合上面的errorViewName,其实就是在template目录下的error目录进行查找

// 我们默认情况下是没有error目录,这里的provide最终值为null,代码较多就不一一展示,有兴趣的可以跟下去

TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);

// 根据判定,这里会接着调用下面的resolveResource方法

return provider != null ? new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model) : this.resolveResource(errorViewName, model);

}

private ModelAndView resolveResource(String viewName, Map

// getStaticLocations()获取的是静态资源路径:"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/","classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/"

String[] var3 = this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations();

int var4 = var3.length;

// 遍历上面的4个静态资源路径

for(int var5 = 0; var5 < var4; ++var5) {

String location = var3[var5];

try {

Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location);

// 创建resource对象,例如error/404.html

resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html");

// 查找在对应静态资源目录下是否有上面的这个资源对象,有就创建视图对象

if (resource.exists()) {

return new ModelAndView(new DefaultErrorViewResolver.HtmlResourceView(resource), model);

}

} catch (Exception var8) {

;

}

}

// 都没找到就返回null,默认情况下是不存在error目录的,所以这里最终返回null

return null;

}

当resolveResource方法执行完返回null,resolve方法也就返回null,在回到resolveErrorView

public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map model) {

// 调用下面的方法解析视图,传入参数为错误状态码,错误信息的map

ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()), model);

// 上面分析得到modelAndView的值为null,下面的if中SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())是在判断错误码的首位是否为1,2,3,4,5,这个大家下去可以跟一下

if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {

modelAndView = this.resolve((String)SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);

}

// if里面的resolve方法分析跟上面一样,默认情况下是没有4xx.html/5xx.html页面文件的,所以最终这里返回null

return modelAndView;

}

这个resolveErrorView方法执行完后,我们就可以回到最开始处理 “/error” 请求的errorHtml方法了

@RequestMapping(produces = {"text/html"} )

public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);

Map model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));

response.eadYnfJZksetStatus(status.value());

ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);

// modelAnView根据上面的分析其值为null

return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);

}

当modelAndView为null时,将会执行'new ModelAndView(“error”, model),那这个“error”又是什么呢?看下面WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration 里面有个组件其 name就是error,这个组件是StaticView,就是一个View,里面的视图渲染方法render中的内容就是最开始我们看到的那个错误页面的内容。

@Conditional({ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class})

protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration {

private final ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView defaultErrorView = new ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView();

protected WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration() {

}

@Bean(name = {"error"})

@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = {"error"})

public View defaultErrorView() {

return this.defaultErrorView;

}

...

}

private static class StaticView implements View {

private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView.class);

private StatieadYnfJZkcView() {

}

public void render(Mhttp://ap model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

if (response.isCommitted()) {

String message = this.getMessage(model);

logger.error(message);

} else {

StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

Date timestamp = (Date)model.get("timestamp");

Object message = model.get("message");

Object trace = model.get("trace");

if (response.getContentType() == null) {

response.setContentType(this.getContentType());

}

builder.append("

Whitelabel Error Page

").append("

This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.

").append("
").append(timestamp).append("
").append("
There was an unexpected error (type=").append(this.htmlEscape(model.get("error"))).append(", status=").append(this.htmlEscape(model.get("status"))).append(").
");

// getStaticLocations()获取的是静态资源路径:"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/","classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/"

String[] var3 = this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations();

int var4 = var3.length;

// 遍历上面的4个静态资源路径

for(int var5 = 0; var5 < var4; ++var5) {

String location = var3[var5];

try {

Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location);

// 创建resource对象,例如error/404.html

resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html");

// 查找在对应静态资源目录下是否有上面的这个资源对象,有就创建视图对象

if (resource.exists()) {

return new ModelAndView(new DefaultErrorViewResolver.HtmlResourceView(resource), model);

}

} catch (Exception var8) {

;

}

}

// 都没找到就返回null,默认情况下是不存在error目录的,所以这里最终返回null

return null;

}

当resolveResource方法执行完返回null,resolve方法也就返回null,在回到resolveErrorView

public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map model) {

// 调用下面的方法解析视图,传入参数为错误状态码,错误信息的map

ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()), model);

// 上面分析得到modelAndView的值为null,下面的if中SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())是在判断错误码的首位是否为1,2,3,4,5,这个大家下去可以跟一下

if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {

modelAndView = this.resolve((String)SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);

}

// if里面的resolve方法分析跟上面一样,默认情况下是没有4xx.html/5xx.html页面文件的,所以最终这里返回null

return modelAndView;

}

这个resolveErrorView方法执行完后,我们就可以回到最开始处理 “/error” 请求的errorHtml方法了

@RequestMapping(produces = {"text/html"} )

public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);

Map model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));

response.eadYnfJZksetStatus(status.value());

ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);

// modelAnView根据上面的分析其值为null

return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);

}

当modelAndView为null时,将会执行'new ModelAndView(“error”, model),那这个“error”又是什么呢?看下面WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration 里面有个组件其 name就是error,这个组件是StaticView,就是一个View,里面的视图渲染方法render中的内容就是最开始我们看到的那个错误页面的内容。

@Conditional({ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class})

protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration {

private final ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView defaultErrorView = new ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView();

protected WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration() {

}

@Bean(name = {"error"})

@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = {"error"})

public View defaultErrorView() {

return this.defaultErrorView;

}

...

}

private static class StaticView implements View {

private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView.class);

private StatieadYnfJZkcView() {

}

public void render(Mhttp://ap model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

if (response.isCommitted()) {

String message = this.getMessage(model);

logger.error(message);

} else {

StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

Date timestamp = (Date)model.get("timestamp");

Object message = model.get("message");

Object trace = model.get("trace");

if (response.getContentType() == null) {

response.setContentType(this.getContentType());

}

builder.append("

This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.

if (message != null) {

builder.append("

}

if (trace != null) {

builder.append("

}

builder.append("");

response.getWriter().append(builder.toString());

}

}

private String htmlEscape(Object input) {

return input != null ? HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(input.toString()) : null;

}

private String getMessage(Map model) {

Object path = model.get("path");

String message = "Cannot render error page for request [" + path + "]";

if (model.get("message") != null) {

message = message + " and exception [" + model.get("message") + "]";

}

message = message + " as the response has already been committed.";

message = message + " As a result, the response may have the wrong status code.";

return message;

}

public String getContentType() {

return "text/html";

}

}

所以,整个大致的过程到此结束了,默认情况下错误请求处理完成后就返回的这个StaticView定义的页面,下图做个基本的梳理。后续再来做自定义错误页面、自定义错误数据的原理分析。

SpringBoot 2.1.3 错误处理机制

引用的问题做个标记

以前的引用好像在新版本中无法引用了

错误处理机制

其他的程序的类的声明直接用IDEA的提示来用就可以了。

如果还是有错误的话,就进入到lib中看看引用的类的方法就可以了

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigration.web.DefaultErrorAttributes;//这是以前的

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.DefaultErrorAttributes;//这是现在的


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