使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理方式

网友投稿 231 2022-09-24


使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理方式

目录使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理JDBC对数据库事务处理的支持JDBC定义了五种事务隔离级别来解决这些并发导致的问题在spring框架中调用一个数据库事务处理分三步走:spring 事务实现方式有哪些在代码中调用 commit()、rollback()等事务管理相关的方法TransactionProxyFactoryBean 的声明式事务管理注解 @Transactional 的声明式事务管理Aspectj AOP 配置(注解)事务

使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理

事务对于数据库来说是,是对sql语句的一系列操作,这些操作被组织成为一个事务。事务具有原子性的,要么全部执行,要么不执行。若事务中sql语句发生错误,事务需要对已经执行的sql进行回滚操作,撤销先前对数据库的操作,防止数据库出现错误状态。

JDBC对数据库事务处理的支持

jdbc本身提供了对数据库处理的支持,使用java.sql.Connection对象完成事务的提交。使用Connection提交数据库事务处理如下:

发现里面有一个方法叫setAutoCommit(),设置为true时,就是自动提交sql,如果设置为false时,sql语句的提交由程序负责,应用程序必须调用Commit方法,同时在执行sql语句异常处理块中调用rollback方法,对异常发生前进行的数据库进行回滚。

在企业级中,事务一般都是并发执行的,当事务并发执行时,就会发生数据库同步的问题,具体问题可分为下面四种类型:

脏读:

不可重复读:

丢失更新:

幻读:

为了解决上面的四种问题,解决事务并发的问题

JDBC定义了五种事务隔离级别来解决这些并发导致的问题

transaction_read_uncommitted:数据级别最低,俗称脏读,在没有提交数据时,就已经读取到已经更新的数据。

transaction_read_committed:当一个事务进行查询时,允许读取提交前的数据,数据提交后,当前查询就可以读取到数据,update数据的时候并不锁住表。(最长使用)

transaction_repeatable_read:当一个事务进行查询时,不允许读取其他事务更新的数据,可以读取其他事务新增的数据。

transaction_serializable:当一个事务进行查询时,不允许任何对这个事务进行查询,就是把并行改成了串行。不提倡使用。

在spring框架中调用一个数据库事务处理分三步走:

第一步就是配置数据源就是配置数据库的名称和密码,地址等。

第二步就是声明事务管理TransactionManagerspring框架提供了PlatformTransactionManager作为事务管理类的顶层接口,声明了初始化事务,提交事务,回滚事务等接口。接口实现由具体的数据库驱动类实现。具体包括DataTransactionManager等实现类。但是主要还是使用的是DataTransactionManager类。

spring 事务实现方式有哪些

编程式事务管理,

在代码中调用 commit()、rollback()等事务管理相关的方法

maven pom.xml文件

org.springframework

spring-beans

4.2.4.RELEASE

org.springframework

spring-context

4.2.4.RELEASE

org.springframework

spring-aop

4.2.4.RELEASE

org.springframework

spring-tx

4.2.4.RELEASE

org.springframework

spring-jdbc

4.2.4.RELEASE

mysql

mysql-connector-java

5.1.18

编程式事务管理,可以通过 java.sql.Connection 控制事务。spring 配置文件

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TransactionTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

testManualTransaction();//测试函数式控制事务

}

private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException {

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");

DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource");

Connection conn = ds.getConnection();

try {

initTable(conn);//初始化表

conn.setAutoCommit(false);//设置不自动提交事务

queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表

deleteUser(conn);//删除 id=1 用户

conn.rollback();//回滚

queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表

} finally {

conn.close();

}

}

private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException {

conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user");

conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事务与数据库引擎有关,此处删除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事务

conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");

conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");

}

private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException {

conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");

}

private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException {

Statement st = conn.createStatement();

st.execute("select * from user");

ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();

while (rs.next()) {

System.out.print(rs.getString("id"));

System.out.print(" ");

System.out.print(rs.getString("username"));

System.out.println();

}

}

}

删除用户语句回滚,打印出两个用户

1 user1

2 user2

1 user1

2 user2

TransactionProxyFactoryBean 的声明式事务管理

新增 UserDao 接口

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

public interface UserDao {

/**

* 查询用户

* @return

*/

public List> getUsers();

/**

* 删除用户

* @param id

* @return

*/

public int deleteUser(int id);

}

新增 UserDao 实现

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {

/**

* 查询用户

* @return

*/

public List> getUsers() {

String sql = "select * from user";

return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);

}

/**

* 删除用户

* @param id

* @return

*/

public int deleteUser(int id){

String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;

int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);

if (id == 1) {

throw new RuntimeException();

}

return result;

}

}

修改 spring 配置文件,添加事务管理器 DataSourceTransactionManager 和事务代理类 TransactionProxyFactoryBean

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

-java.lang.RuntimeException

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

-java.lang.RuntimeException

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TransactionTest {

static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

testUseTransactionProxy(); //测试使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean

}

private static void testUseTransactionProxy() {

final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy");

printUsers(userDao);//打印用户

userDao.deleteUser(1);//删除 id=1 用户

}

private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {

for (Map user : userDao.getUsers()) {

System.out.println(user);

}

}

}

结果输出

{id=1, username=user1}

{id=2, username=user2}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException

at constxiong.interview.http://transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)

at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)

at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)

at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

注解 @Transactional 的声明式事务管理

UserDaoImpl 删除用户方法添加注解 @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 出现 RuntimeException 回滚

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {

/**

* 查询用户

* @return

*/

public List> getUsers() {

String sql = "select * from user";

return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);

}

/**

* 删除用户

* @param id

* @return

*/

@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)

public int deleteUser(int id){

String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;

int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);

if (id == 1) {

throw new RuntimeException();

}

return result;

}

}

修改 spring 配置文件,开启 spring 的事务注解能力

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/tx

http://springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

&lthttp://;/bean>

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/tx

http://springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

&lthttp://;/bean>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TransactionTest {

static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

testAnnotationTransaction();

}

private static void testAnnotationTransaction() {

UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");

printUsers(userDao);

userDao.deleteUser(1);

}

private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {

for (Map user : userDao.getUsers()) {

System.out.println(user);

}

}

}

输出结果

{id=1, username=user1}

{id=2, username=user2}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException

at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:30)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)

at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.deleteUser(Unknown Source)

at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)

at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

Aspectj AOP 配置(注解)事务

maven pom.xml 添加 Aspectj 的支持

org.aspectj

aspectjweaver

1.8.13

去除 UserDaoImpl 注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implHUisnSuements UserDao {

/**

* 查询用户

* @return

*/

public List> getUsers() {

String sql = "select * from user";

return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);

}

/**

* 删除用户

* @param id

* @return

*/

public int deleteUser(int id){

String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;

int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);

if (id == 1) {

throw new RuntimeException();

}

return result;

}

}

修改 spring 配置文件,织入切面

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx"

xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/tx

http://springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/aop

http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx"

xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/tx

http://springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/aop

http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/context

http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

root

root

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TransactionTest {

static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

testAspectjTransaction();

}

private static void testAspectjTransaction() {

UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");

printUsers(userDao);

userDao.deleteUser(1);

}

private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {

for (Map user : userDao.getUsers()) {

System.out.println(user);

}

}

}

输出结果

{id=1, username=user1}

{id=2, username=user2}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException

at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)

at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)

at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)

at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)

at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.deleteUser(Unknown Source)

at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)

at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

PS:

这篇仅用事务回滚为例,了解 spring 事务控制,还需要关注数据库的ACID四种特性、事务传播特性、事务的隔离级别(脏读、不可重复读、幻读)。


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