OSPF协议（实验篇）OSPF协议的基本配置与虚链路的配置（ospf协议总结）-eolink官网

OSPF协议（实验篇）OSPF协议的基本配置与虚链路的配置（ospf协议总结）

前言：

理论知识我在上一篇博客已经写过了，但光是掌握理论，而不去实践就如同纸上谈兵。只有理论与实践相结合，我们下能更深的理解与记忆。闲话少叙，接下来我会直接演示OSPF协议的具体配置过程。本次实验主要分为两个部分：一、基本配置；二、虚链路的配置。

一、OSPF协议基本配置：

1.实验环境

本次实验是在GNS3-1.3.10版本中进行的，具体拓扑图如下：

2.R1的配置

（1）给R1各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R1#conf t //进入全局模式 R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)#exit //退出 R1(config)#do show ip int b //查看接口IP Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up

R1(config)#int loopback 0 //进入loopback 0 接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)#exit //退出 R1(config)#do show ip int b //查看接口IP Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up

R1(config)#router ospf 1 //启用OSPF协议，进程号1 R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 //设置router-id R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R1(config-router)#exit //退出

3.R2的配置

（1）给R2各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R2#conf t //进入全局模式 R2(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R2(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R2(config-if)#exit //退出 R2(config)#do show ip int b //查看接口IP Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up

（2）启用R2的OSPF协议，并进行相关配置。

R2(config)#router ospf 1 //启用OSPF协议，进程号1 R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 //设置router-id R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R2(config-router)#exit //退出

4.R3的配置

（1）给R3各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R3#conf t //进入全局模式 R3(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)#exit //退出 R3(config)#do show ip int b //查看接口IP Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet1/0 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up

（2）启用R3的OSPF协议，并进行相关配置。

R3(config)#router ospf 1 //启用OSPF协议，进程号1 R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 //设置router-id R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R3(config-router)#exit //退出

4.R4的配置

（1）给R4各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R4#conf t //进入全局模式 R4(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R4(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0 //设置IP地址与子网掩码 R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R4(config-if)#exit //退出 R4(config)#do show ip int b //查看接口IP Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.40.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up

（2）启用R4的OSPF协议，并进行相关配置。

R4(config)#router ospf 1 //启用OSPF协议，进程号1 R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 //设置router-id R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段，每个网段要宣告在自己的Area内 R4(config-router)#exit //退出

5.查看各路由器的路由表

（1）查看R1路由表，成功学习到所有网段。

R1(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 // C表示直连网段 O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:04:43, FastEthernet0/0 //O表示通过ospf协议学习到的，IA表示通过区域间路由（ABR）学习到的 O IA 192.168.60.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/1 [110/21] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:53, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R1(config)#

（2）查看R2路由表，成功学习到所有网段。

R2(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O 192.168.60.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.30.2, 00:02:16, FastEthernet0/1 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.20.1, 00:05:11, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:02:16, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:05:11, FastEthernet0/0 R2(config)#

（3）查看R3路由表，成功学习到所有网段。

R3(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.40.2, 00:01:07, FastEthernet0/1 [110/21] via 192.168.30.1, 00:02:49, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:02:49, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:01:09, FastEthernet0/1 R3(config)#

（4）查看R4路由表，成功学习到所有网段。

R4(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:39, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.60.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:39, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.50.2, 00:01:24, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.50.2, 00:01:24, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R4(config)#

6.PC1与PC2的配置

（1）PC1的配置

PC1> PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 //设置IP地址与网关 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

（2）PC2的配置

PC2> PC2> ip 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.1 //设置IP地址与网关 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1

7.实验结果验证

用PC1去pingPC2，结果可以互通，实验成功。

PC1> ping 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=61.873 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=56.882 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=62.596 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=59.575 ms

二、OSPF协议的虚链路配置

1.实验环境

本次实验是任在GNS3-1.3.10版本中进行的，具体拓扑图如下：

2.R1的配置

（1）给R1各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#int f0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:01:01.679: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:01:02.679: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#int f0/1 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:01:54.047: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:01:55.047: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R1(config-if)#exit

（2）启用R1的OSPF协议，并宣告网段。

R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#rout R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 R1(config-router)#netw R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 R1(config-router)#exit

3.R2的配置

（1）给R2各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#int f0/0 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config-if)#int f0/ *Mar 1 00:03:53.775: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:03:54.775: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#int f0/1 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:04:14.891: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:04:15.891: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R2(config-if)#exit

（2）启用R2的OSPF协议，并宣告网段。

R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#route R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 R2(config-router)#netw R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 *Mar 1 00:05:34.607: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R2(config-router)#exit

4.R3的配置

（1）给R3各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R3#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R3(config)#int f0/0 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config-if)#int *Mar 1 00:06:28.107: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:06:29.107: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#int f0/1 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:06:47.311: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:06:48.311: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R3(config-if)#exit

（2）启用R3的OSPF协议，并宣告网段。

R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 R3(config-router)#netw R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area *Mar 1 00:07:41.883: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R3(config-router)#exit

5.R4的配置

（1）给R4各个接口配上IP地址，并检查是否设置成功。

R4#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R4(config)#int f0/0 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 R4(config-if)#no shut R4(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:08:46.155: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:08:47.155: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R4(config-if)#int f0/1 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0 R4(config-if)#no shut R4(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:10:13.107: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:10:14.107: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R4(config-if)#exit

（2）启用R4的OSPF协议，并宣告网段。

R4(config)#router ospf 1 R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 R4(config-router)#netw R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R4(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:11:48.155: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R4(config-router)#exit

6.PC1与PC2的配置

（1）PC1的配置

PC1> PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

（2）PC2的配置

PC2> PC2> ip 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.1 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1

（3）用PC1去pingPC2，结果不通，因为Area2没有骨干区域（Area0）相连。

PC1> ping 192.168.50.2 *192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=9.295 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable) *192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=9.178 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable) *192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=11.967 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable) *192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=6.846 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable) *192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=7.255 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable)

7.查看R1路由表

查看R1路由表，可以看到R1并没有学习到“30、40、50”网段，因为还没有配置虚链路。

8.配置虚链路

（1）R2的配置

R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#area 1 v R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 R2(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:48:46.527: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on OSPF_VL0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R2(config-router)#exit R2(config)#

（2）R3的配置

R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:48:25.207: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 192.168.30.1, FastEthernet0/0 R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2 R3(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:48:45.183: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 192.168.30.1, FastEthernet0/0 R3(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:48:46.539: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on OSPF_VL0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R3(config-router)#exit R2(config)#

9.检验虚链路是否设置成功

（1）查看R1路由表，可以看到R1已经学习到所有网段。

R1(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:05:33, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.20.2, 00:04:22, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.20.2, 00:04:22, FastEthernet0/1 R1(config)#

（2）用PC1去pingPC2，结果可以互通了，实验成功。

PC1> ping 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=90.923 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=81.058 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=78.562 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=77.995 ms

（下一篇会综合OSPF、RIP、静态路由、默认路由等，做一个综合的实验，会涉及到路由的重分发）

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