动态路由——OSPF多区域配置 实验篇 （三）（ospf静态路由配置）

动态路由——OSPF多区域配置 实验篇 （三）（ospf静态路由配置）

搭建OSPF多区域配置

实验环境

在GNS 3中搭建实验环境

搭建实验拓扑图

划分的网段：

192.168.10.0/24 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.30.0/24 192.168.40.0/24 192.168.50.0/24 192.168.60.0/24

Router ID划分

R1：1.1.1.1 R2：2.2.2.2 R3：3.3.3.3 R4：4.4.4.4

搭建多区域配置

1、开启全部设别，并打开R1路由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。

R1#conf t //进入全局模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:01:56.163: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:01:57.163: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:02:31.639: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:02:32.639: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R1(config-if)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:03:16.431: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:03:17.431: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up

2、打开R2路由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。

R2#conf t //进入全局模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:07:46.395: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:07:47.395: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:08:20.979: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:08:21.979: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R2(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up

3、打开R3由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。

R3#conf t //进入全局模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R3(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:12:29.019: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:12:30.019: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:13:05.091: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:13:06.091: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R3(config-if)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R3(config-if)#no shutt //开启接口 R3(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:13:50.719: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:13:51.719: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet1/0 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up

4、打开R4由设备，进入配置接口网段信息。

R4#conf t //进入全局模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R4(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R4(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:17:23.547: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:17:24.547: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R4(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R4(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:18:02.799: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:18:03.799: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R4(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看IP地址是否配置成功 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.40.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up

5、回到R1路由设备中，配置回环网卡，添加Router ID，R2、R3、R4路由设备中同样操作。

R1(config)#int loopback 0 //进入回环网卡接口 R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:23:09.519: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 //配置Router ID R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-if)#do show ip int b //查看回环网卡地址是否配置成功 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up

R2(config)#int loopback 0 R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:25:49.879: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config-if)#do show ip int b Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up Loopback0 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up

R3(config)#int loopback 0 R3(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:29:09.423: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config-if)#do show ip int b Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet1/0 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up Loopback0 3.3.3.3 YES manual up up

R4(config)#int loopback 0 R4(config-if)#i *Mar 1 00:30:26.755: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 R4(config-if)#no shut R4(config-if)#do show ip int b Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.40.2 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up Loopback0 4.4.4.4 YES manual up up

6、在路由设备中启动OSPF协议，并区域中宣告Router ID信息与网段信息。

R1(config)#router ospf 1 //启动OSPF协议，进程号为1 R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 //宣告Router ID R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //R1设备在area 0区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R2(config)#router ospf 1 //在R2路由设备中启动OSPF协议，进程号为1 R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 //宣告Router ID R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //此网段在area 0区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码 R2(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:46:07.555: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码 R2(config-router)#do show ip route //查看路由表 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:45, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:33, FastEthernet0/0 //成功学习到R1设备中网段信息

R3(config)#router ospf 1 //在R3路由设备中启动OSPF协议，进程号为1 R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 //宣告Router ID R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码 R3(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:53:09.751: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R3(config-router)# *Mar 1 01:04:49.075: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R3(config-router)#do show ip route //查看路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.40.2, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/1 [110/21] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:14, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:14, FastEthernet0/0 //成功学习网段信息

R4(config)#router ospf 1 //在R4路由设备中启动OSPF协议，进程号为1 R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 //宣告Router ID R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //此网段在area 1区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码 R4(config-router)# *Mar 1 01:01:18.223: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //此网段在area 0区域中宣告网段信息，注意子网掩码要写反码 R4(config-router)# *Mar 1 01:01:44.507: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R4(config-router)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:09:36, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.60.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:06:40, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C (1)4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 //添加(1)是违禁词汇处理 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.50.2, 00:03:12, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.50.2, 00:09:21, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习所有网段信息

7、分别给两台PC机添加IP地址，并用ping命令测试两台PC机是否成功通信。

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 //在PC1中添加IP地址 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1 //添加成功

PC2> ip 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.1 //在PC2中添加IP地址 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1 //添加成功

PC1> ping 192.168.60.2 //使用ping命令与PC2通信 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=54.935 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=63.006 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=47.872 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=45.075 ms //成功与PC2通信

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