SpringBoot自动装配Condition的实现方式

网友投稿 304 2022-10-08


SpringBoot自动装配Condition的实现方式

目录1. 简介2. 定义2.1 @Conditional2.2 Condition3. 使用说明3.1 创建项目3.2 测试3.3 小结4. 改进4.1 创建注解4.2 修改UserCondition5. Spring内置条件注解

1. 简介

@Conditional注解在Spring4.0中引入,其主要作用就是判断条件是否满足,从而决定是否初始化并向容器注册Bean。

2. 定义

2.1 @Conditional

@Conditional注解定义如下:其内部只有一个参数为Class对象数组,且必须继承自Condition接口,通过重写Condition接口的matches方法来判断是否需要加载Bean

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

@Documented

public @interface Conditional {

ClabnFViss extends Condition>[] value();

}

2.2 Condition

Condition接口定义如下:该接口为一个函数式接口,只有一个matches接口,形参为ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata。ConditionContext定义如2.2.1,AnnotatedTypeMetadata见名知意,就是用来获取注解的元信息的

@FunctionalInterface

public interface Condition {

boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata);

}

2.2.1 ConditionContext

ConditionContext接口定义如下:通过查看源码可以知道,从这个类中可以获取很多有用的信息

public interface ConditionContext {

/**

* 返回Bean定义信息

* Return the {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} that will hold the bean definition

* should the condition match.

* @throws IllegalStateException if no registry is available (which is unusual:

* only the case with a plain {@link ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider})

*/

BeanDefinitionRegistry getRegistry();

/**

* 返回Bean工厂

* Return the {@link ConfigurableListableBeanFactory} that will hold the bean

* definition should the condition match, or {@code null} if the bean factory is

* not available (or not downcastable to {@code ConfigurableListableBeanFactory}).

*/

@Nullable

ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory();

/**

* 返回环境变量 比如在application.yaml中定义的信息

* Return the {@link Environment} for which the current application is running.

*/

Environment getEnvironment();

/**

* 返回资源加载器

* Return the {@link ResourceLoader} currently being used.

*/

ResourceLoader getResourceLoader();

/**

* 返回类加载器

* Return the {@link ClassLoader} that should be used to load additional classes

* (only {@code null} if even the system ClassLoader isn't accessible).

* @see org.springframework.util.ClassUtils#forName(String, ClassLoader)

*/

@Nullable

ClassLoader getClassLoader();

}

3. 使用说明

通过一个简单的小例子测试一下@Conditional是不是真的能实现Bean的条件化注入。

3.1 创建项目

首先我们创建一个SpringBoot项目

3.1.1 导入依赖

这里我们除了springboot依赖,再添加个lombok依赖

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

4.0.0

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

2.5.3

com.ldx

condition

0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

condition

Demo project for Spring Boot

1.8

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter

org.projectlombok

lombok

1.18.12

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-maven-plugin

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

4.0.0

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

2.5.3

com.ldx

condition

0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

condition

Demo project for Spring Boot

1.8

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter

org.projectlombok

lombok

1.18.12

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-maven-plugin

3.1.2 添加配置信息

在application.yaml 中加入配置信息

user:

enable: false

3.1.3 创建User类

package com.ldx.condition;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;

import lombok.Data;

/**

* 用户信息

* @author ludangxin

* @date 2021/8/1

*/

@Data

@AllArgsConstructor

public class User {

private String name;

private Integer age;

}

3.1.4 创建条件实现类

package com.ldx.condition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;

import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;

/**

* 用户bean条件判断

* @author ludangxin

* @date 2021/8/1

*/

public class UserCondition implements Condition {

@Override

public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {

Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();

// 获取property user.enable

String property = environment.getProperty("user.enable");

// 如果user.enable的值等于true 那么返回值为true,反之为false

return "true".equals(property);

}

}

3.1.5 修改启动类

package com.ldx.condition;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;

@Slf4j

@SpringBootApplication

public class ConditionApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(ConditionApplication.class, args);

// 获取类型为User类的Bean

User user = applicationContext.getBean(User.class);

log.info("user bean === {}", user);

}

/**

* 注入User类型的Bean

*/

@Bean

@Conditional(UserCondition.class)

public User getUser(){

return new User("张三",18);

}

}

3.2 测试

3.2.1 当user.enable=false

报错找不到可用的User类型的Bean

. ____ _ __ _ _

/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \

( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \

\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )

' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /

=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/

:: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.3)

2021-08-01 17:07:51.994 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47036 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition)

2021-08-01 17:07:51.997 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default

2021-08-01 17:07:52.461 INFO 47036 --- [ main] cohttp://m.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Started ConditionApplication in 0.791 seconds (JVM running for 1.371)

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.ldx.condition.User' available

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:351)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:342)

at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1172)

at com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication.main(ConditionApplication.java:16)

Process finished with exit code 1

3.2.2 当user.enable=true

正常输出UserBean实例信息

. ____ _ __ _ _

/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \

( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \

\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )

' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /

=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/

:: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.3)

2021-08-01 17:13:38.022 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47129 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition)

2021-08-01 17:13:38.024 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default

2021-08-01 17:13:38.434 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Started ConditionApplication in 0.711 seconds (JVM running for 1.166)

2021-08-01 17:13:38.438 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : user bean === User(name=张三, age=18)

3.3 小结

上面的例子通过使用@Conditional和Condition接口,实现了spring bean的条件化注入。

好处:

可以实现某些配置的开关功能,如上面的例子,我们可以将UserBean换成开启缓存的配置,当property的值为true时,我们才开启缓存的配置。

当有多个同名的bean时,如何抉择的问题。

实现自动化的装载。如判断当前classpath中有mysql的驱动类时(说明我们当前的系统需要使用mysql),我们就自动的读取application.yaml中的mysql配置,实现自动装载;当没有驱动时,就不加载。

4. 改进

从上面的使用说明中我们了解到了条件注解的大概使用方法,但是代码中还是有很多硬编码的问题。比如:UserCondition中的property的key包括value都是硬编码,其实我们可以通过再扩展一个注解来实现动态的判断和绑定。

4.1 创建注解

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**

* 自定义条件属性注解

*

* 当配置的property name对应的值 与设置的 value值相等时,则注入bean

* @author ludangxin

* @date 2021/8/1

*/

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

@Documented

// 指定condition的实现类

@Conditional({UserCondition.class})

public @interface MyConditionOnProperty {

// 配置信息的key

String name();

// 配置信息key对应的值

String value();

}

4.2 修改UserCondition

package com.ldx.condition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;

import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* 用户bean条件判断

* @author ludangxin

* @date 2021/8/1

*/

public class UserCondition implements Condition {

@Override

public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {

Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();

// 获取自定义的注解

Map annotationAttributes = annotatedTypeMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes("com.ldx.condition.MyConditionOnProperty");

// 获取在注解中指定的name的property的值 如:user.enable的值

String property = environment.getProperty(annotationAttributes.get("name").toString());

// 获取预期的值

String value = annohttp://tationAttributes.get("value").toString();

return value.equals(property);

}

}

测试后,结果符合预期。

其实在spring中已经内置了许多常用的条件注解,其中我们刚实现的就在内置的注解中已经实现了,如下。

5. Spring内置条件注解

注解

说明

@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate

当给定类型的bean存在并且指定为Primary的给定类型存在时,返回true

@ConditionalOnMissingBean

当给定的类型、类名、注解、昵称在beanFactory中不存在时返回true.各类型间是or的关系

@ConditionalOnBean

与上面相反,要求bean存在

@ConditionalOnMissingClass

当给定的类名在类路径上不存在时返回true,各类型间是and的关系

@ConditionalOnClass

与上面相反,要求类存在

@ConditionalOnCloudPlatform

当所配置的CloudPlatform为激活时返回true

@ConditionalOnExpression

spel表达式执行为true

@ConditionalOnJava

运行时的java版本号是否包含给定的版本号.如果包含,返回匹配,否则,返回不匹配

@ConditionalOnProperty

要求配置属性匹配条件

@ConditionalOnJndi

给定的jndi的Location 必须存在一个.否则,返回不匹配

@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication

web环境不存在时

@ConditionalOnWebApplication

web环境存在时

@ConditionalOnResource

要求制定的资源存在


版权声明:本文内容由网络用户投稿,版权归原作者所有,本站不拥有其著作权,亦不承担相应法律责任。如果您发现本站中有涉嫌抄袭或描述失实的内容,请联系我们jiasou666@gmail.com 处理,核实后本网站将在24小时内删除侵权内容。

上一篇:校园的网络安全(校园网的安全与防范)
下一篇:nmap(nmap扫描端口命令)
相关文章

 发表评论

暂时没有评论,来抢沙发吧~