iOS开发之视图控制器与导航模式-eolink官网

iOS开发之视图控制器与导航模式

模态视图

在导航过程中，有时候需要放弃主要任务而做其他次要任务，然后在返回到次要任务，这个次要任务就是在模态视图中完成的，如注册中主要任务是登录后进入主界面，如果用户没有注册，就要先去注册，注册是次要任务，当用户注册完成后，它会关闭注册视图，回到登录界面继续进行主要任务。

默认情况下，模态视图是从屏幕下方滑出来的。

负责控制器模态视图的控制器称为模态视图控制器，它并不是一个专门的类，它可以是前面提到的控制器的子类。负责主要任务视图的控制器称为主视图控制器。在UICOntrollerView中，主要有如下两个方法：

-present():呈现视图

-dismiss()：关闭视图

在呈现模态视图时有两种方式：一是通过使用UIViewController的present方法实现；二是通过故事板的“过渡”（Segue）实现。

下面我们通过登录案例来介绍模态视图

步骤

创建一个iOS工程，将当前控制器嵌入到一个导航控制器中，具体步骤是：在故事板中选择View Controller，然后点击Xcode菜单栏Editor-Embed In-Navigation Controller菜单就会自动创建一个导航视图

点击导航栏，将导航栏的标题设为登录，然后从对象库中拖入Lable、TextField、Button等控件

接下来设计第二个界面，先从对象库中拖入一个View Controller到设计界面中，然后参考步骤1将该视图控制器嵌入到导航控制器中，修改该导航栏标题为注册，然后从对象库中拖入两个Bar Button Item到导航栏两边，分别设置identifier属性为Cancel和Save

接下来需要在登录场景和注册场景创建一个过渡，按住control键，从登录界面的注册按钮拖鼠标到注册导航控制器，然后松开鼠标，在弹出的视图框中选择Present Modally菜单；它是模态类型的过渡

最后，添加注册控制器类，创建一个类RegisterViewController集成UIViewController，然后回到故事板中将注册视图的Class选择为RegisterViewController

代码实现

ViewController.swift

// ViewController.swift

// ModalViewSample

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/9.

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

@IBOutlet weak var mUserName: UITextField!

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

// 注册消息

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.register(_ :)), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "RegisterCompletion"), object: nil)

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: NSNotification.Name.init(rawValue: "RegisterCompletion"), object: nil)

}

func register(_ notification : Notification) {

let text = notification.userInfo?["username"] as? String

mUserName.text = text!

NSLog("%@",text!)

}

RegisterViewController.swift

// RegisterViewController.swift

// ModalViewSample

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/9.

import UIKit

class RegisterViewController: UIViewController {

@IBOutlet weak var mName: UITextField!

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

// Do any additional setup after loading the view.

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

@IBAction func save(_ sender: Any) {

let userInfo = ["username":self.mName.text!]

//发送消息

NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name.init(rawValue: "RegisterCompletion"), object: nil, userInfo: userInfo)

self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: {

})

}

@IBOutlet weak var save: UIBarButtonItem!

@IBAction func cancel(_ sender: Any) {

self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: {

})

}

效果图

分屏导航

基于分屏导航是平铺导航的主要实现方式，涉及的主要控件有分屏控件UIPageControll和屏幕滚动视图UIScrollView,一般不超过10屏

步骤

创建iOS工程，从对象库中拖入UIPageControll和UIScrollView到故事板中，并将其放到合适的位置，UIPageControll放在靠底部，UIScrollView全屏显示，将视图的背景设为黑色

选中UIScrollView的属性检查器，设置不显示Scroll View的Indicator，同时选择滚动Scrolling Enable和分屏Paging Enable。分屏属性是Scroll View每次滑动时翻一屏

选择Page Controll的属性检查器，设置Pages中的of pages总屏数为3，Current当前位置为0，并修改其宽度为300，它的高度是不能修改的。

最后为这两个控件定义输出口并连接注册到ViewController类中，为Page Controll控件定义响应屏幕变化事件的方法。-changPage

代码实现

// ViewController.swift

// PageControlNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/10.

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController,UIScrollViewDelegate {

@IBOutlet weak var mScrollView: UIScrollView!

@IBOutlet weak var mPageControl: UIPageControl!

var mImage1: UIImageView!

var mImage2: UIImageView!

var mImage3: UIImageView!

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

self.mScrollView.delegate = self

self.mScrollView.contentSize = CGSize(width: self.view.frame.size.width * 3, height: self.mScrollView.frame.size.height)

self.mScrollView.frame = self.view.frame

self.mImage1 = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: self.view.frame.size.width, height: 480))

self.mImage1.image = UIImage(named: "达芬奇-蒙娜丽莎")

self.mScrollView.addSubview(mImage1)

self.mImage2 = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(x: self.view.frame.size.width, y: 0, width: self.view.frame.size.width, height: 480))

self.mImage2.image = UIImage(named: "罗丹-思想者")

self.mScrollView.addSubview(mImage2)

self.mImage3 = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(x: self.view.frame.size.width * 2, y: 0, width: self.view.frame.size.width, height: 480))

self.mImage3.image = UIImage(named: "保罗克利-肖像")

self.mScrollView.addSubview(mImage3)

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

//UIPageControll事件处理

@IBAction func changePage(_ sender: Any) {

UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.3, animations: {

let whichPage = self.mPageControl.currentPage

//设置内容视图坐标原点与屏幕滚动视图坐原点的偏移量

self.mScrollView.contentOffset = CGPoint(x: 320 * whichPage, y: 0)

})

}

//屏幕滚动视图事件处理方法å

func scrollViewDidScroll(_ scrollView: UIScrollView) {

let offset = scrollView.contentOffset

self.mPageControl.currentPage = Int(offset.x) / 320

}

效果图

分页控制器

在iOS5以后，我们可以使用分页控制器UIPageViewController构建类似于电子书效果的应用。

分页控制器需要放置在一个父视图控制器中，在分页控制器下面还要有子视图控制器，每个子视图控制器对应一个页面。

UIPageViewController没有对应的视图，我们需要使用代码来实现；需要在UIPageViewController所在的控制器实现UIPageViewControllerDelegate和UIPageViewControllerDataSource协议，UIPageViewControllerDataSource数据源协议必须要实现的方法有以下两个：

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, viewControllerBefore viewController: UIViewController)

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, viewControllerAfter viewController: UIViewController)

UIPageViewControllerDelegate委托协议中一般实现的方法是：

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, spineLocationFor orientation: UIInterfaceOrientation)

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, didFinishAnimating finished: Bool, previousViewControllers: [UIViewController], transitionCompleted completed: Bool)

步骤

创建一个iOS工程

代码实现UIPageViewController

代码实现

// ViewController.swift

// PageNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/10.

import UIKit

enum DirectionFroward : Int {

case Before = 1 //向前

case After = 2 //向后

}

class ViewController: UIViewController,UIPageViewControllerDelegate,UIPageViewControllerDataSource {

//当前Page的索引

var mPageIndex = 0

var direct = DirectionFroward.After

var mPageViewController : UIPageViewController!

var mViewControllers : [UIViewController]!

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

let pageViewController1 = UIViewController()

let pageViewController2 = UIViewController()

let pageViewController3 = UIViewController()

self.mViewControllers = [pageViewController1,pageViewController2,pageViewController3]

let mImage1 = UIImageView(frame: self.view.frame)

mImage1.image = UIImage(named: "达芬奇-蒙娜丽莎")

pageViewController1.view.addSubview(mImage1)

let mImage2 = UIImageView(frame: self.view.frame)

mImage2.image = UIImage(named: "罗丹-思想者")

pageViewController2.view.addSubview(mImage2)

let mImage3 = UIImageView(frame: self.view.frame)

mImage3.image = UIImage(named: "保罗克利-肖像")

pageViewController3.view.addSubview(mImage3)

//transitionStyle: pageCurl表示翻书效果样式 scroll 滑屏效果样式

//navigationOrientation 水平和垂直方向

self.mPageViewController = UIPageViewController(transitionStyle: .pageCurl, navigationOrientation: .horizontal, options: nil)

self.mPageViewController.delegate = self

self.mPageViewController.dataSource = self

//设置首页

//direction forward向前 reverse向后

self.mPageViewController.setViewControllers([pageViewController1], direction: .forward, animated: true, completion: nil)

self.view.addSubview(self.mPageViewController.view)

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

//DataSource协议

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, viewControllerBefore viewController: UIViewController) -> UIViewController? {

NSLog("向前翻")

mPageIndex -= 1

if mPageIndex < 0 {

mPageIndex = 0;

return nil

}

direct = .Before

return self.mViewControllers[mPageIndex]

}

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, viewControllerAfter viewController: UIViewController) -> UIViewController? {

NSLog("向后翻")

mPageIndex += 1

if mPageIndex > 2 {

mPageIndex = 2

return nil

}

direct = .After

return self.mViewControllers[mPageIndex]

}

//Delegate协议

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, spineLocationFor orientation: UIInterfaceOrientation) -> UIPageViewControllerSpineLocation {

self.mPageViewController.isDoubleSided = false

//min和max 首页显示一个视图 mid首页显示两个视图

return .min

}

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, didFinishAnimating finished: Bool, previousViewControllers: [UIViewController], transitionCompleted completed: Bool) {

//翻页未成功

if completed == false {

if direct == .After {

mPageIndex -= 1

}

if direct == .Before {

mPageIndex += 1

}

效果图

标签导航

使用标签栏时有一定的指导原则：标签栏位于屏幕下方，占有49个像素屏幕空间，有时可以隐藏起来；标签栏中的标签不能超过5个，如果超过5个则最后一个显示为更多，点击更多标签会出现更多的列表。

步骤

在开发具体应用的时候，标签导航的各个标签分别代表一个功能模块，各功能模块之间相对独立。

创建一个iOS工程模板Tabbed Application应用，默认创建两个标签

从对象库中拖入一个ViewController到故事板中

添加ViewController和Tab Controller Scene的连线，具体操作是：按住control键从Tab Controller Scene拖曳鼠标到ViewController，释放鼠标，从弹出窗口中选择view controllers项即可

设置三个场景的标题

分别为三个场景创建三个视图类

代码实现

// HeiViewController.swift

// TabNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/15.

import UIKit

class HeiViewController: UIViewController {

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

// Do any additional setup after loading the view.

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

// MARK: - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation

override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {

// Get the new view controller using segue.destinationViewController.

// Pass the selected object to the new view controller.

}

// JiViewController.swift

// TabNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/15.

import UIKit

class JiViewController: UIViewController {

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

// Do any additional setup after loading the view.

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

// MARK: - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation

override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {

// Get the new view controller using segue.destinationViewController.

// Pass the selected object to the new view controller.

}

// LiaoViewController.swift

// TabNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/15.

import UIKit

class LiaoViewController: UIViewController {

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

// Do any additional setup after loading the view.

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

// MARK: - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation

override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {

// Get the new view controller using segue.destinationViewController.

// Pass the selected object to the new view controller.

}

效果图

树形导航

树形导航模式是将导航控制器UINavigationController与表视图结使用，主要用于构建从属关系的导航。下面我们创建一个三级视图的树形导航示例。

步骤

创建iOS工程，使用UINavigationController创建以及表视图

创建二级表视图CitiesViewController

从对象库中拖入一个Table View Controller到对象库中作为二级视图控制器

按住control键，从上一个Root View Controller的单元格中拖动鼠标到当前添加的Table View Controller中，释放鼠标，在弹出窗口中选择Show选项

选择连接线中的过渡Segue，打开其属性检查器，然后在Indentifier属性中输入ShowCities

创建三级视图DetailViewController

从对象库中拖入一个View Controller到对象库中作为三级视图控制器

按住control键，从上一个Table View Controller的单元格中拖动鼠标到当前添加的View Controller中，释放鼠标，在弹出窗口中选择Show选项

选择连接线中的过渡Segue，打开其属性检查器，然后在Indentifier属性中输入ShowDetail

设置各级视图的Table View Cell的属性

代码实现

一级视图

// ViewController.swift

// TreeNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/15.

import UIKit

class ViewController: UITableViewController {

var dictData:NSDictionary!

var listData:NSArray!

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

self.tableView.delegate = self

self.tableView.dataSource = self

let path = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "provinces_cities", ofType: "plist")

self.dictData = NSDictionary(contentsOfFile: path!)

self.listData = self.dictData.allKeys as NSArray

self.title = "省份信息"

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {

return self.listData.count

}

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {

let cell:UITableViewCell! = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "Custom", for: indexPath)

let row = indexPath.row

cell.textLabel?.text = self.listData[row] as? String

return cell

}

//场景过渡之前的处理点击表视图的单元格触发

override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {

if segue.identifier == "ShowCities" {

let indexPath = self.tableView.indexPathForSelectedRow! as IndexPath

let selectedIndex = indexPath.row

//获取要跳转到的视图控制器对象

let controller = segue.destination as! CitiesTableViewController

let selectName = self.listData[selectedIndex] as! String

controller.listData = self.dictData[selectName] as! NSArray

controller.title = selectName

}

二级视图

// CitiesTableViewController.swift

// TreeNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/15.

import UIKit

class CitiesTableViewController: UITableViewController {

var listData:NSArray!

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {

// #warning Incomplete implementation, return the number of rows

return self.listData.count

}

override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {

let cell:UITableViewCell! = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "CityCell", for: indexPath)

let row = indexPath.row

let dict = self.listData[row] as! NSDictionary

cell.textLabel?.text = dict["name"] as? String

return cell

}

//场景过渡之前的与处理

override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {

if segue.identifier == "ShowDetail" {

let indexPath = self.tableView.indexPathForSelectedRow! as IndexPath

let selectIndex = indexPath.row

let dict = self.listData[selectIndex] as! NSDictionary

//获取要跳转到的视图控制器对象

let controller = segue.destination as! DetailViewController

controller.url = dict["url"] as! String

controller.title = dict["name"] as? String

}

三级视图

// DetailViewController.swift

// TreeNavigation

// Created by Michael on 2016/11/15.

import UIKit

import WebKit

class DetailViewController: UIViewController,WKNavigationDelegate {

var url:String!

var webView: WKWebView!

override func viewDidLoad() {

super.viewDidLoad()

NSLog(url)

self.webView = WKWebView(frame: self.view.frame)

view.addSubview(webView)

webView.navigationDelegate = self

//let nUrl = URL(string: "https://baike.baidu.com/view/2172.htm")

let mUrl = URL(string: url)

let request = URLRequest(url: mUrl!)

webView.load(request)

}

override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {

super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, didStartProvisionalNavigation navigation: WKNavigation!) {

NSLog("开始加载")

}

func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, didCommit navigation: WKNavigation!) {

NSLog("内容开始返回时回调")

}

func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, didFinish navigation: WKNavigation!) {

NSLog("加载完成")

}

func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, didFailProvisionalNavigation navigation: WKNavigation!, withError error: Error) {

NSLog("加载失败")

}

效果图

来自：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000007567382

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318 2022-06-15

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