java中的接口是类吗
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2022-10-28
Java安全框架——Shiro的使用详解(附springboot整合Shiro的demo)
Java安全框架——Shiro的使用详解(附springboot整合Shiro的demo)
Shiro简介
Apache Shiro是一个强大且易用的java安全框架,执行身份验证、授权、密码和会话管理
三个核心组件：Subject, SecurityManager 和 Realms
Subject代表了当前用户的安全操作
SecurityManager管理所有用户的安全操作，是Shiro框架的核心，Shiro通过SecurityManager来管理内部组件实例，并通过它来提供安全管理的各种服务。
Realm充当了Shiro与应用安全数据间的“桥梁”或者“连接器”。也就是说，当对用户执行认证（登录）和授权（访问控制）验证时，Shiro会从应用配置的Realm中查找用户及其权限信息。
Realm实质上是一个安全相关的DAO：它封装了数据源的连接细节，并在需要时将相关数据提供给Shiro。当配置Shiro时，你必须至少指定一个Realm，用于认证和（或）授权。配置多个Realm是可以的，但是至少需要一个。
Shiro快速入门
导入依赖
配置log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
配置Shiro.ini（在IDEA中需要导入ini插件）
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
快速入门实现类 quickStart.java
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.text.IniRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class quickStart {
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(quickStart.class);
/*
Shiro三大对象：
Subject： 用户
SecurityManager：管理所有用户
Realm： 连接数据
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建带有配置的Shiro SecurityManager的最简单方法
// realms, users, roles and permissions 是使用简单的INI配置。
// 我们将使用可以提取.ini文件的工厂来完成此操作，
// 返回一个SecurityManager实例：
// 在类路径的根目录下使用shiro.ini文件
// (file：和url：前缀分别从文件和url加载):
//Factory
//SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
DefaultSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultSecurityManager();
IniRealm iniRealm = new IniRealm("classpath:shiro.ini");
securityManager.setRealm(iniRealm);
// 对于这个简单的示例快速入门，请使SecurityManager
// 可作为JVM单例访问。大多数应用程序都不会这样做
// 而是依靠其容器配置或web.xml进行
// webapps。这超出了此简单快速入门的范围，因此
// 我们只做最低限度的工作，这样您就可以继续感受事物.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// 现在已经建立了一个简单的Shiro环境，让我们看看您可以做什么：
// 获取当前用户对象 Subject
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// 使用Session做一些事情（不需要Web或EJB容器！！！
Session session = currentUser.getSession();//通过当前用户拿到Session
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// 判断当前用户是否被认证
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
//token ： 令牌，没有获取，随机
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
token.setRememberMe(true); // 设置记住我
try {
currentUser.login(token);//执行登陆操作
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {//打印出 用户名
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {//打印出 密码
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... 在此处捕获更多异常（也许是针对您的应用程序的自定义异常？
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();//注销
System.exit(0);//退出
}
}
启动测试
SpringBoot-Shiro整合（最后会附上完整代码）
前期工作
导入shiro-spring整合包依赖
跳转的页面
index.html
add.html
add
update.html
http://
update
编写shiro的配置类ShiroConfig.java
package com.example.config;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//3. ShiroFilterFactoryBean
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getshiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("SecurityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//设置安全管理器
factoryBean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
return factoryBean;
}
//2.创建DefaultWebSecurityManager
@Bean(name = "SecurityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager SecurityManager=new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
//3.关联Realm
SecurityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return SecurityManager;
}
//1.创建Realm对象
@Bean(name = "userRealm")
public UserRealm userRealm(){
return new UserRealm();
}
}
编写UserRealm.java
package com.example.config;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("授权");
return null;
}
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("认证");
return null;
}
}
编写controller测试环境是否搭建好
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String index(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro");
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/add")
public String add(){
return "user/add";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/update")
public String update(){
return "user/update";
}
}
实现登录拦截
在ShiroConfig.java文件中添加拦截
Map
//对/user/*下的文件只有拥有authc权限的才能访问
filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
//将Map存放到ShiroFilterFactoryBean中
factoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
这样，代码跑起来，你点击add或者update就会出现404错误，这时候，我们再继续添加，让它跳转到我们自定义的登录页
添加登录拦截到登录页
//需进行权限认证时跳转到toLogin
factoryBean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
//权限认证失败时跳转到unauthorized
factoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/unauthorized");
login.html
用户名:
密码:
视图跳转添加一个login页面跳转
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String login(){
return "login";
}
上面，我们已经成功拦截了，现在我们来实现用户认证
首先，我们需要一个登录页面
login.html
用户名:
密码:
其次，去controller编写跳转到登录页面
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username,String password,Model model){
//获得当前的用户
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//封装用户数据
UsernamePasswordToken taken = new UsernamePasswordToken(username,password);
try{//执行登陆操作，没有发生异常就说明登陆成功
subject.login(taken);
return "index";
}catch (UnknownAccountException e){
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名错误");
return "login";
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){
model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
return "login";
}
}
最后去UserRealm.java配置认证
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("认证");
String name = "root";
String password = "123456";
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
if (!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
return null;//抛出异常 用户名错误那个异常
}
//密码认证，shiro自己做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");
}
运行测试，成功！！！
附上最后的完整代码
pom.xml引入的依赖
pom.xml
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
静态资源
index.html
login.html
用户名:
密码:
add.html
add
update.html
update
controller层
MyController.java
package com.example.controller;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String index(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro");
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/add")
public String add(){
return "user/add";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/update")
public String update(){
return "user/update";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username,String password,Model model){
//获得当前的用户
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//封装用户数据
UsernamePasswordToken taken = new UsernamePasswordToken(username,password);
try{//执行登陆操作，没有发生异常就说明登陆成功
subject.login(taken);
return "index";
}catch (UnknownAccountException e){
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名错误");
return "login";
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){
model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
http:// return "login";
}
}
}
config文件
ShiroConfig.java
package com.example.config;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//4. ShiroFilterFactoryBean
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getshiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("SecurityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//5. 设置安全管理器
factoryBean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
/* shiro内置过滤器
anon 无需授权、登录就可以访问，所有人可访。
authc 需要登录授权才能访问。
authcBasic Basic HTTP身份验证拦截器
logout 退出拦截器。退出成功后，会 redirect到设置的/URI
noSessionCreation 不创建会话连接器
perms 授权拦截器，拥有对某个资源的权限才可访问
port 端口拦截器
rest rest风格拦截器
roles 角色拦截器，拥有某个角色的权限才可访问
ssl ssl拦截器。通过https协议才能通过
user 用户拦截器，需要有remember me功能方可使用
*/
Map
//对/user/*下的文件只有拥有authc权限的才能访问
filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
//将Map存放到ShiroFilterFactoryBean中
factoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
//需进行权限认证时跳转到toLogin
factoryBean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
//权限认证失败时跳转到unauthorized
factoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/unauthorized");
return factoryBean;
}
//2.创建DefaultWebSecurityManager
@Bean(name = "SecurityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager SecurityManager=new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
//3.关联Realm
SecurityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return SecurityManager;
}
//1.创建Realm对象
@Bean(name = "userRealm")
public UserRealm userRealm(){
return new UserRealm();
}
}
UserRealm.java
package com.example.config;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("授权");
return null;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("认证");
String name = "root";
String password = "123456";
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
if (!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
return null;//抛出异常 用户名错误那个异常
}
//密码认证，shiro自己做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");
}
}
但是，我们在用户认证这里，真实情况是从数据库中取的，所以，我们接下来去实现一下从数据库中取出数据来实现用户认证
Shiro整合mybatis
前期工作
在前面导入的依赖中，继续添加以下依赖
导入了mybatis和Druid，就去application.properties配置一下和Druid
Druid
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 123456
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 自定义数据源
#Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的，需要自己绑定
#druid 数据源专有配置
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
#配置监控统计拦截的filters，stat:监控统计、log4j：日志记录、wall：防御sql注入
#如果允许时报错 java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority
#则导入 log4j 依赖即可，Maven 地址：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j
filters: stat,wall,log4j
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
mybatis
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.example.pojo
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
连接数据库
编写实http://体类
package com.example.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
编写mapper
package com.example.mapper;
import com.example.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public User getUserByName(String name);
}
编写mapper.xml
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
select * from mybatis.user where name=#{name}
编写service
package com.example.service;
import com.example.pojo.User;
public interface UserService {
public User getUserByName(String name);
}
package com.example.service;
import com.example.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.example.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public User getUserByName(String name) {
return userMapper.getUserByName(name);
}
}
使用数据库中的数据
修改UserRealm.java即可
package com.example.config;
import com.example.pojo.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("授权");
return null;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("认证");
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
//连接真实的数据库
User user = userService.getUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
if (user==null){
return null;//抛出异常 用户名错误那个异常
}
//密码认证，shiro自己做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",user.getPwd(),"");
}
}
认证搞完了，我们再来看看授权
在ShiroConfig.java文件加入授权，加入这行代码： filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");//只有拥有user:add权限的人才能访问add，注意授权的位置在认证前面，不然授权会认证不了；
运行测试：add页面无法访问
授权同理：filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");//只有拥有user:update权限的人才能访问update
自定义一个未授权跳转页面
在ShiroConfig.java文件设置未授权时跳转到unauthorized页面，加入这行代码：
factoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/unauthorized"); 2. 去Mycontroller写跳转未授权页面
@RequestMapping("/unauthorized")
@ResponseBody//懒得写界面，返回一个字符串
public String unauthorized(){
return "没有授权，无法访问";
}
运行效果：
从数据库中接受用户的权限，进行判断
在数据库中添加一个属性perms，相应的实体类也要修改
修改UserRealm.java
package com.example.config;
import com.example.pojo.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("授权");
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//没有使用数据库，直接自己设置的用户权限，给每个人都设置了，现实中要从数据库中取
//info.addStringPermission("user:add");
//从数据库中得到权限信息
//获得当前登录的对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//拿到User对象，通过getPrincipal()获得
User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();
//设置当前用户的权限
info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
return info;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("认证");
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
//连接真实的数据库
User user = userService.getUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
if (user==null){
return null;//抛出异常 用户名错误那个异常
}
//密码认证，shiro自己做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
}
}
有了授权后，就又出现了一个问题，我们是不是要让用户没有权限的东西，就看不见呢？这时候，就出现了Shiro-thymeleaf整合
Shiro-thymeleaf整合
导入整合的依赖
在ShiroConfig整合ShiroDialect
//整合ShiroDialect： 用来整合 shiro thymeleaf
@Bean
public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
return new ShiroDialect();
}
修改index页面
xmlns:shiro="http://thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
判断是否有用户登录
//这个是整合shiro和thymeleaf用到的，让登录按钮消失的判断
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
Session session = subject.getSession();
session.setAttribute("loginUser", user);
测试
以上就是Java安全框架——Shiro的使用详解(附springboot整合Shiro的demo)的详细内容，更多关于Java安全框架——Shiro的资料请关注我们其它相关文章！
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