JUnit4 Hamcrest匹配器常用方法总结

JUnit4 Hamcrest匹配器常用方法总结

一.Hamcrest是什么？

Hamcrest is a library of matchers, which can be combined in to create flexible expressions of intent in tests.

Hamcrest 是一个为了测试为目的，且能组合成灵活表达式的匹配器类库。

二.Hamcrest jar包

hamcrest-core.jar -- This is the core API to be used by third-party framework providers. This includes the a foundation set of matcher implementations for common operations. This API is stable and will rarely change. You will need this library as a minimum.

hamcrest-library.jar -- The ever-growing library of Matcher implementations. This will grow between releases.

hamcrest-generator.jar -- A tool to allow many Matcher implementations to be combined into a single class so users don't have to remember many classes/packages to import. Generates code.

hamcrest-integration.jar -- Provides integration between Hamcrest and other testing tools, including JUnit (3 and 4), TestNG, jMock and EasyMock.

Alternatively, if you don't care:

hamcrest-all.jar -- Includes all of the above.

三.常用方法介绍

一般，在项目中导入hamcrest-core.jar， hamcrest-library.jar就能满足使用。

Eclipse新建一个JUnit test case； 测试类导入

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;

测试方法如下：

@Test

public void testHamcrestMatchers() {

// 核心匹配

// allOf: 所有条件都必须满足，相当于&&

assertThat("myname", allOf(startsWith("my"), containsString("name")));

// anyOf: 其中一个满足就通过， 相当于||

assertThat("myname", anyOf(startsWith("naSrnUsQVTj"), containsString("name")));

// both: &&

assertThat("myname", both(containsString("my")).and(containsString("me")));

// either: 两者之一

assertThat("myname", either(containsString("my")).or(containsString("you")));

// everyItem: 每个元素都需满足特定条件

assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), everyItem(startsWith("m")));

// hasItem: 是否有这个元素

assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), hasItem("my"));

// hasItems: 包含多个元素

assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine", "your"), hasItems("your", "my"));

// is: is(equalTo(x))或is(instanceOf(clazz.class))的简写

assertThat("myname", is("myname"));

assertThat("mynmae", is(String.class));

// anything(): 任何情况下，都匹配正确

assertThat("myname", anything());

// not: 否为真，相当于！

assertThat("myname", is(not("you")));

// nullValue(): 值为空

String str = null;

assertThat(str, is(nullValue()));

// notNullValue(): 值不为空

String str2 = "123";

assertThat(str2, is(notNullValue()));

// 字符串匹配

// containsString：包含字符串

assertThat("myname", containsString("na"));

// stringContainsInOrder: 顺序包含，“my”必须在“me”前面

assertThat("myname", stringContainsInOrder(Arrays.asList("my", "me")));

// endsWith: 后缀

assertThat("myname", endsWith("me"));

// startsWith: 前缀

assertThat("myname", startsWith("my"));

// isEmptyString(): 空字符串

assertThat("", isEmptyString());

// equalTo: 值相等， Object.equals(Object)

assertThat("myname", equalTo("myname"));

assertThat(new String[] {

"a", "b"

}

, equalSrnUsQVTjTo(new String[] {

"a", "b"

}

));

// equalToIgnoringCase: 比较时，忽略大小写

assertThat("myname", equalToIgnoringCase("MYNAME"));

// equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace: 比较时， 首尾空格忽略， 比较时中间用单个空格

assertThat(" my t name ", equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(" my name "));

// isOneOf: 是否为其中之一

assertThat("myname", isOneOf("myname", "yourname"));

// isIn: 是否为其成员

assertThat("myname", isIn(new String[]{

"myname", "yourname"

}

));

// toString() 返回值校验

assertThat(333, hasToString(equalTo("333")));

// 数值匹配

// closeTo: [operand-error, operand+error], Double或BigDecimal类型

assertThat(3.14, closeTo(3, 0.5));

assertThat(new BigDecimal("3.14"), is(closeTo(new BigDecimal("3"), new BigDecimal("0.5"))));

// comparesEqualTo: compareTo比较值

assertThat(2, comparesEqualTo(2));

// greaterThan： 大于

assertThat(2, greaterThan(0));

// greaterThanOrEqualTo: 大于等于

assertThat(2, greaterThanOrEqualTo(2));

// lessThan: 小于

assertThat(0, lessThan(2));

// lessThanOrEqualTo: 小于等于

assertThat(0, lessThanOrEqualTo(0));

// 集合匹配

// array: 数组长度相等且对应元素也相等

assertThat(new Integer[]{

1, 2, 3

}

, is(array(equalTo(1), equalTo(2), equalTo(3))));

// hasItemInArray: 数组是否包含特定元素

assertThat(new String[]{

"my", "you"

}

, hasItemInArray(startsWith("y")));

// arrayContainingInAnyOrder， 顺序无关，长度要一致

assertThat(new String[]{

"my", "you"

}

, arrayContainingInAnyOrder("you", "my"));

// arrayContaining: 顺序，长度一致

assertThat(new String[]{

"my", "you"

}

, arrayContaining("my", "you"));

// arrayWithSize: 数组长度

assertThat(new String[]{

"my", "you"

}

, arrayWithSize(2));

// emptyArray: 空数组

assertThat(new String[0], emptyArray());

// hasSize: 集合大小

assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "you"), hasSize(equalTo(2)));

// empty: 空集合

assertThat(new ArrayList(), is(empty()));

// isIn: 是否为集合成员

assertThat("myname", isIn(Arrays.asList("myname", "yourname")));

// Map匹配

Map myMap = new HashMap();

myMap.put("name", "john");

// hasEntry: key && value匹配

assertThat(myMap, hasEntry("nSrnUsQVTjame", "john"));

// hasKey: key匹配

assertThat(myMap, hasKey(equalTo("name")));

// hasValue: value匹配

assertThat(myMap, hasValue(equalTo("john")));

}

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