启动Spring项目详细过程(小结)

网友投稿 333 2022-12-22


启动Spring项目详细过程(小结)

1、Spring 项目放到web项目容器中(Tomcat、Jetty、JBoss)

本文以通用的Tomcat为例

2、项目容器启动时需要加载读取web.xml配置文件

如下图:

3、容器首先会去读取web.xml配置文件中的两个节点:

说明:

tomcat在启动web容器的时候会启动一个叫ServletContextListener的监听器,每当在web容器中有ServletContextListener这个接口被实例化的时候,web容器会通知ServletContextListener被实例的对象去执行其contextInitialized()的方法进行相应的业务处理;

而spring框架在设计的过程中ContextLoadListener这个类实现了ServletContextListener这个接口,因此每当有ContextLoadListener这个类被实例化的时候,web容器会通知Spring执行contextInitialized()这个方法,从而进行spring容器的启动与创建的过程中;

4、ContextLoaderListener中的contextInitialized()进行了spring容器的启动配置,调用initWebApplicationContext初始化spring容器;

@Override

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {

initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());

}

public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {

//Spring 启动的句柄,spring容器开始启动的根目录

if(servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");

} else {

Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);

servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {

logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");

}

long startTime = SpGaDfzjHmystem.currentTimeMillis();

try {

//处理spring容器是否已经创建(只创建没有创建spring的各个bean)

if(this.context == null) {

this.context = this.createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

}

if(this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {

ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)this.context;

if(!cwac.isActive()) {

if(cwac.getParent() == null) {

ApplicationContext parent = this.loadParentContext(servletContext);

cwac.setParent(parent);

}

//Spring容器创建完成后,加载spring容器的各个组件

this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);

}

}

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();

if(ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {

currentContext = this.context;

} else if(ccl != null) {

currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);

}

if(logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");

}

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {

long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;

logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");

}

return this.context;

} catch (RuntimeException var8) {

logger.error("Context initialization failed", var8);

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var8);

throw var8;

} catch (Error var9) {

logger.error("Context initialization failed", var9);

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var9);

throw var9;

}

}

}

5、spring容器创建完成后,准备开始实例化加载bean,Spring容器创建完成后,准备向spring容器中加载bean 使用configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); 完成bean的加载;

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {

if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {

// The application context id is still set to its original default value

// -> assign a more useful id based on available information

String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);

if (idParam != null) {

wac.setId(idParam);

}

else {

// Generate default id...

wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +

ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));

}

}

wac.setServletContext(sc);

String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);

if (configLocationParam != null) {

wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);

}

// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context

// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for

// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh

ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();

if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {

((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);

}

customizeContext(sc, wac);

wac.refresh();

}

说明:

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext中加载spring的配置文件,即web.xml中读取中加载到Spring的配置文件,即:classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml;

通过以下代码加载spring配置

public class Application{

public static void main(String[] args) {

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/context.xml");

ctx.start();

}

}

此处略过如何调用DefaultResourceLoader

顶级接口ResourceLoader仅提供了一个getResource(String location)方法,可以根据一个资源地址加载资源文件,资源地址的表达式可以是以下几种:

--1. classpath:前缀开头的表达式,例如: classpath:smart-context.xml

--2.“/”开头的表达式,例如:/WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--3. 非“/”开头的表达,例如:WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--4. url协议,例如:file:/D:/ALANWANG-AIA/Horse-workspace/chapter3/target/classes/smart-context.xml

Spring提供了实现类DefaultResourceLoader,DefaultResourceLoader在实现了以上列举的功能基础上,还为开发者提供了自定义扩展接口ProtocolResolver,开发者可实现该接口定制个性化资源表达式,代码如下:

@Override

public Resource getResource(String location) {

Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null");

for (ProtocolResolver protocolResolver : this.protocolResolvers) { // 1

Resource resource = protocolResolver.resolve(location, this);

if (resource != null) {return resource;}

}

if (location.startsWith("/")) {return getResourceByPath(location);} //2

else if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) { //3

return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader());

}

else {

try {

// Try to parse the location as a URL...

URL url = new URL(location); //4

return new UrlResource(url);

}

catch (MalformedURLException ex) {

// No URL -> resolve as resource path.

return getResourceByPath(location); //5

}

}

}

步骤1,先用扩展协议解析器解析资源地址并返回。举个例子,咱们可以自定义资源解析器来完成带前缀“classpath:”的解析:

首先实现ProtocolResolver接口:

class ClasspathPreProtocolResolver implements ProtocolResolver{

           private static String CLASS_PATH_PRE="classpath:";        

        public Resource resolve(String location, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {

           if( location.startsWith(CLASS_PATH_PRE)) {

                return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASS_PATH_PRE.length()));

           }       

           return null;

        }        

    }

步骤2,假设location以斜杠开头,则调用该类中 getResourceByPath(String path)方法 ,代码如下:

protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {

return new ClassPathContextResource(path, getClassLoader());

}

步骤三,假如资源表达式以classpath开头,则截取除前缀calsspath:的路径,并做为ClassPathResource的构造参数,生成ClassPathResource实例后返回。咱们可以在web.xml中做如下配置:

    contextConfigLocation

    classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml

6、通过refresh()内部的实现我们大致可以了解整个refresh()方法担负了整个Spring容器初始化和加载的所有逻辑,包括Bean工厂的初始化、post-processor的注册以及调用、bean的实例化、事件发布等。


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