java操作xml的方法汇总及解析

java操作xml的方法汇总及解析

这篇文章主要介绍了java操作xml的方法汇总及解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

一丶常用方法

主要有3个方面, 1读取xml文件, 2使用xpath根据指定路径获取某一节点数据 3, xml和java bean的转换

XmlUtils.java

/**

* 和cn.hutool.core.util.XmlUtil许多功能重合, 本类可以当做学习的例子

* 可以直接使用cn.hutool.core.util.XmlUtil

*

* @author TimFruit

* @date 19-11-2 下午5:22

*/

public class XmlUtils {

// --------------------------------------

public static Document createXml(){

return XmlUtil.createXml();

}

// --------------------------------------

/**

* 读取xml文档

* @param xmlInputStream

* @return

*/

public static Document readXml(InputStream xmlInputStream){

return readXml(xmlInputStream, false);

}

public static Document readXml(InputStream xmlInputStream, boolean validate){ // 参考mybatis parsing模块

try {

DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

factory.setValidating(validate);

factory.setNamespaceAware(false);

factory.setIgnoringComments(true);

factory.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(false);

factory.setCoalescing(false);

factory.setExpandEntityReferences(true);

DocumentBuilder builder=factory.newDocumentBuilder();

return builder.parse(xmlInputStream);

} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

} catch (SAXException e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

} catch (IOException e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

public static Document readXml(String xmlStr){

return XmlUtil.parseXml(xmlStr); //使用hutool

}

// --------------------------------------

// 根据路径获取某一节点

public static XPath newXpath(){

return XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();

}

/**

* 根据路径获取某一节点, 语法看 https://w3school.com.cn/xpath/xpath_syntax.asp

* @param expression

* @param root 可以是document, 可以是Node等其他节点

* @param xpath

* @return 返回的节点可以修改

*/

public static Node evalNode(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath){

return (Node)evaluate(expression, root, XPathConstants.NODE, xpath);

}

public static NodeList evalNodeList(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath){

return (NodeList)evaluate(expression, root, XPathConstants.NODESET, xpath);

}

public static Double evalDouble(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath) {

return (Double) evaluate(expression, root, XPathConstants.NUMBER, xpath);

}

public static Boolean evalBoolean(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath) {

return (Boolean) evaluate(expression, root, XPathConstants.BOOLEAN, xpath);

}

public static String evalString(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath) {

return (String) evaluate(expression, root, XPathConstants.STRING, xpath);

}

public static Long evalLong(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath){

return Long.valueOf(evalString(expression, root, xpath));

}

public static Integer evalInteger(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath){

return Integer.valueOf(evalString(expression, root, xpath));

}

public static Float evalFloat(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath){

return Float.valueOf(evalString(expression, root, xpath));

}

public static Short evalShort(String expression, Object root, XPath xpath){

return Short.valueOf(evalString(expression, root, xpath));

}

private static Object evaluate(String expression, Object root, QName returnType, XPath xpath) {

try {

return xpath.evaluate(expression, root, returnType);

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new RuntimeException("Error evaluating XPath. Cause: " + e, e);

}

}

// --------------------------------------

// 转成string

public static String toStr(Node node){

return toStr(node, false);

}

public static String toStr(Node node, boolean isPretty){

return toStr(node, "utf-8", isPretty);

}

/**

*

* @param node

* @param charset 编码

* @param isPretty 是否格式化输出

gOCjIjjrq * @return

*/

public static String toStr(Node node, String charset, boolean isPretty){

final StringWriter writer = StrUtil.getWriter();

final int INDENT_DEFAULT=2;

try {

XmlUtil.transform(new DOMSource(node), new StreamResult(writer), charset, isPretty ? INDENT_DEFAULT : 0);

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new UtilException(e, "Trans xml document to string error!");

}

return writer.toString();

}

//----------------------------------------

// 和java bean转换

public static jsONObject toJSONObject(String xmlStr){

return XML.toJSONObject(xmlStr);

}

public static JSONObject toJSONObject(Node node){

String xmlStr=toStr(node);

return toJSONObject(xmlStr);

}

public static T toBean(Node node, Class clazz){

return toJSONObject(node).toBean(clazz);

}

public static Node toNode(Object obj){

String xml=toXml(obj);

Node rootNode=readXml(xml).getFirstChild();

return rootNode;

}

public static String toXml(Object obj){

return XML.toXml(obj);

}

}

二丶测试

@Test

public void readXmlFromInputStreamTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

String nodeName=document.getFirstChild().getNodeName();

System.out.println(nodeName);

Assert.assertTrue(nodeName.equals("bookstore"));

}

@Test

public void readXmlStringTest() throws IOException {

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

String xmlStr=StreamUtils.copyToString(bis, Charset.defaultCharset());

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(xmlStr);

String nodeName=document.getFirstChild().getNodeName();

System.out.println(nodeName);

Assert.assertTrue(nodeName.equals("bookstore"));

}

// -------------------------------------------- xpath

/*

https://w3school.com.cn/xpath/xpath_syntax.asp

nodename 选取此节点的所有子节点。

/ 从根节点选取。

// 从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点，而不考虑它们的位置。

. 选取当前节点。

.. 选取当前节点的父节点。

@ 选取属性。

*/

@Test

public void evalNodeTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

XPath xpath=XmlUtils.newXpath();

// 1. 使用xpath表达式读取根节点

Node rootNode=XmlUtils.evalNode("/bookstore", document, xpath);

Assert.assertEquals("bookstore", rootNode.getNodeName());

// 2. 使用xpath表达式读取nodeList

NodeList bookNodeList =XmlUtils.evalNodeList("/bookstore/book", document, xpath);

Node bookNode=null;

for(int i=0; i

bookNode=bookNodeList.item(i);

Assert.assertEquals("book", bookNode.getNodeName())gOCjIjjrq;

}

// 3. 使用xpath表达式从节点读取nodeList

bookNodeList=XmlUtils.evalNodeList("/book", rootNode, xpath);

gOCjIjjrq for(int i=0; i

bookNode=bookNodeList.item(i);

Assert.assertEquals("book", bookNode.getNodeName());

}

// 4. 使用xpath表达式读取属性 数组表达式从1开始, /@ 修饰获取属性

String lang=XmlUtils.evalString("/bookstore/book[1]/title/@lang", document, xpath);

Assert.assertEquals("en", lang);

lang=XmlUtils.evalString("/bookstore/book[2]/title/@lang", document, xpath);

Assert.assertEquals("cn", lang);

}

// --------------------------------- 转换

@Test

public void xmlToJSONObjectTest() throws IOException {

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

String xmlStr=StreamUtils.copyToString(bis, Charset.forName("utf-8"));

JSONObject jso=XmlUtils.toJSONObject(xmlStr);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore")!=null);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore").getJSONArray("book")!=null);

}

@Test

public void nodeToJSONObjectTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

JSONObject jsgOCjIjjrqo=XmlUtils.toJSONObject(document);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore")!=null);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore").getJSONArray("book")!=null);

}

@Test

public void toBeanTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

XmlBookstoreDto dto=XmlUtils.toBean(document, XmlBookstoreDto.class);

Bookstore bookstore=dto.getBookstore();

Assert.assertNotNull(bookstore);

List bookList=bookstore.getBook();

Book book1=bookList.get(0);

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getTitle().getLang().equals("en"));

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getTitle().getContent().equals("Harry Potter"));

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getAuthor().equals("J K. Rowling"));

Book book2=bookList.get(1);

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getTitle().getLang().equals("cn"));

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getTitle().getContent().equals("where I am from"));

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getAuthor().equals("timfruit"));

}

bookNode=bookNodeList.item(i);

Assert.assertEquals("book", bookNode.getNodeName())gOCjIjjrq;

}

// 3. 使用xpath表达式从节点读取nodeList

bookNodeList=XmlUtils.evalNodeList("/book", rootNode, xpath);

gOCjIjjrq for(int i=0; i

bookNode=bookNodeList.item(i);

Assert.assertEquals("book", bookNode.getNodeName());

}

// 4. 使用xpath表达式读取属性 数组表达式从1开始, /@ 修饰获取属性

String lang=XmlUtils.evalString("/bookstore/book[1]/title/@lang", document, xpath);

Assert.assertEquals("en", lang);

lang=XmlUtils.evalString("/bookstore/book[2]/title/@lang", document, xpath);

Assert.assertEquals("cn", lang);

}

// --------------------------------- 转换

@Test

public void xmlToJSONObjectTest() throws IOException {

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

String xmlStr=StreamUtils.copyToString(bis, Charset.forName("utf-8"));

JSONObject jso=XmlUtils.toJSONObject(xmlStr);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore")!=null);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore").getJSONArray("book")!=null);

}

@Test

public void nodeToJSONObjectTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

JSONObject jsgOCjIjjrqo=XmlUtils.toJSONObject(document);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore")!=null);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore").getJSONArray("book")!=null);

}

@Test

public void toBeanTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

XmlBookstoreDto dto=XmlUtils.toBean(document, XmlBookstoreDto.class);

Bookstore bookstore=dto.getBookstore();

Assert.assertNotNull(bookstore);

List bookList=bookstore.getBook();

Book book1=bookList.get(0);

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getTitle().getLang().equals("en"));

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getTitle().getContent().equals("Harry Potter"));

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getAuthor().equals("J K. Rowling"));

Book book2=bookList.get(1);

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getTitle().getLang().equals("cn"));

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getTitle().getContent().equals("where I am from"));

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getAuthor().equals("timfruit"));

}

bookNode=bookNodeList.item(i);

Assert.assertEquals("book", bookNode.getNodeName());

}

// 4. 使用xpath表达式读取属性 数组表达式从1开始, /@ 修饰获取属性

String lang=XmlUtils.evalString("/bookstore/book[1]/title/@lang", document, xpath);

Assert.assertEquals("en", lang);

lang=XmlUtils.evalString("/bookstore/book[2]/title/@lang", document, xpath);

Assert.assertEquals("cn", lang);

}

// --------------------------------- 转换

@Test

public void xmlToJSONObjectTest() throws IOException {

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

String xmlStr=StreamUtils.copyToString(bis, Charset.forName("utf-8"));

JSONObject jso=XmlUtils.toJSONObject(xmlStr);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore")!=null);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore").getJSONArray("book")!=null);

}

@Test

public void nodeToJSONObjectTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

JSONObject jsgOCjIjjrqo=XmlUtils.toJSONObject(document);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore")!=null);

Assert.assertTrue(jso.getJSONObject("bookstore").getJSONArray("book")!=null);

}

@Test

public void toBeanTest(){

BufferedInputStream bis=FileUtil.getInputStream("xml/bookstore.xml");

Document document=XmlUtils.readXml(bis);

XmlBookstoreDto dto=XmlUtils.toBean(document, XmlBookstoreDto.class);

Bookstore bookstore=dto.getBookstore();

Assert.assertNotNull(bookstore);

List bookList=bookstore.getBook();

Book book1=bookList.get(0);

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getTitle().getLang().equals("en"));

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getTitle().getContent().equals("Harry Potter"));

Assert.assertTrue(book1.getAuthor().equals("J K. Rowling"));

Book book2=bookList.get(1);

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getTitle().getLang().equals("cn"));

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getTitle().getContent().equals("where I am from"));

Assert.assertTrue(book2.getAuthor().equals("timfruit"));

}

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