Spring Boot整合JPA使用多个数据源的方法步骤

网友投稿 333 2022-12-31


Spring Boot整合JPA使用多个数据源的方法步骤

介绍

JPA(java Persistence API)Java 持久化 API,是 Java 持久化的标准规范,Hibernate 是持久化规范的技术实现,而 Spring Data JPA 是在 Hibernate 基础上封装的一款框架。

第一次使用 Spring JPA 的时候,感觉这东西简直就是神器,几乎不需要写什么关于数据库访问的代码一个基本的 CURD 的功能就出来了。在这篇文章中,我们将介绍 Spring Boot 整合 JPA 使用多个数据源的方法。

开发环境:http://

Spring Boot 2.0.5

Spring Data JPA 2.0.5

mysql 5.6

JDK 8

IDEA 2018.3

Windows 10

引入依赖

首先我们要 Spring Boot 引入 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 依赖。

Maven 配置:

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-data-jpa

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-devtools

runtime

mysql

mysql-connector-java

runtime

Gradle 配置:

compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-data-jpa', version: '2.0.5.RELEASE'

compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-web', version: '2.0.5.RELEASE'

compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-devtools', version: '2.0.5.RELEASE'

compile group: 'mysql', name: 'mysql-connector-java', version: '6.0.6'

配置数据源

Spring Boot 提供了使用 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件配置项目属性的方法。我比较习惯使用 application.yml 文件,所以这里我只列出 application.yml 文件的写法。

spring:

datasource:

product:

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/product?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull

username: root

password: test123$

customer:

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/customer?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull

username: root

password: test123$

jpa:

generate-ddl: true

配置好 application.yml 文件后分别在数据库创建 customer 和 product 数据库。

添加实体(Entity)类

客户实体:

package com.springboot.jpa.customer.models;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity

public class Customer {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private Integer id;

@Column(unique = true, nullable = false)

private String email;

private String firstName;

private String lastName;

protected Customer() {

}

public Customer(String email, String firstName, String lastName) {

this.email = email;

this.firstName = firstName;

this.lastName = lastName;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return String.format("Customer[id=%d, firstName='%s', lastName='%s',email='%s']", id, firstName, lastName, email);

}

public Integer getId() {

return id;

}

public String getEmail() {

return email;

}

public String getFirstName() {

return firstName;

}

public String getLastName() {

return lastName;

}

}

产品实体:

package com.springboot.jpa.product.models;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity

public class Product {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private int id;

@Column(nullable = false)

private String code;

private String name;

private double price;

protected Product() {

}

public Product(String code, String name, double price) {

this.code = code;

this.name = name;

this.price = price;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return String.format("Product[id=%d, code='%s', name='%s', price='%s']", id, code, name, price);

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public String getCode() {

return code;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public double getPrice() {

return price;

}

}

添加数据仓库(Repository)类

客户 Repository:

package com.springboot.jpa.customer.repository;

import com.springboot.jpa.customer.models.Customer;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository

public interface CustomerRepository extends JpaRepository {

}

产品 Repository:

package com.springboot.jpa.product.repository;

import com.springboot.jpa.product.models.Product;

import org.springframeworkFMGQzsPqZ.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository

public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository {

}

添加配置(Config)类

客户配置:

package com.springboot.jpa.customer.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;

import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;

import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration

@EnableTransactionManagement

@EnableJpaRepositories(entityManagerFactoryRef = "customerEntityManagerFactory", transactionManagerRef = "customerTransactionManager", basePackages = {"com.springboot.jpa.customer.repository"})

public class CustomerConfig {

@Primary

@Bean(name = "customerDataSource")

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.customer")

public DataSource customerDataSource() {

return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();

}

@Primary

@Bean(name = "customerEntityManagerFactory")

public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder, @Qualifier("customerDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {

return builder.dataSource(dataSource).packages("com.springboot.jpa.customer.models").persistenceUnit("customer").build();

}

@Primary

@Bean(name = "customerTransactionManager")

public PlatformTransactionManager customerTransactionManager(@Qualifier("customerEntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory customerEntityManagerFactory) {

return new JpaTransactionManager(customerEntityManagerFactory);

}

}

产品配置:

package com.springboot.jpa.product.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

import org.springframhttp://ework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;

import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;

import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration

@EnableTransactionManagement

@EnableJpaRepositories(entityManagerFactoryRef = "productEntityManagerFactory", transactionManagerRef = "productTransactionManager", basePackages = {"com.springboot.jpa.product.repository"}

)

public class ProductConfig {

@Bean(name = "productDataSource")

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.product")

public DataSource dataSource() {

return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();

}

@Bean(name = "productEntityManagerFactory")

public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean barEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder, @Qualifier("productDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {

return builder.dataSource(dataSource).packages("com.springboot.jpa.product.models").persistenceUnit("product").build();

}

@Bean(name = "productTransactionManager")

public PlatformTransactionManager productTransactionManager(@Qualifier("productEntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory productEntityManagerFactory) {

return new JpaTransactionManager(productEntityManagerFactory);

}

}

项目结构:

src/main/java

- com.springboot.jpa

      - product

        - config

        - models

        - repository

      - customer

        - config

        - models

        - repository

添加测试类

客户测试类 CustomerDataSourcesTests:

package com.springboot.jpa;

import com.springboot.jpa.customer.repository.CustomerRepository;

import com.springboot.jpa.customer.models.Customer;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest

public class CustomerDataSourcesTests {

@Autowired

private CustomerRepository customerRepository;

@Test

@Transactional("customerTransactionManager")

public void createCustomer() {

Customer customer = new Customer("master@weilog.net", "Charles", "Zhang");

customer = customerRepository.save(customer);

assertNotNull(customerRepository.findById(customer.getId()));

assertEquals(customerRepository.findById(customer.getId()).get().getEmail(), "master@weilog.net");

}

}

产品测试类 ProductDataSourcesTests:

package com.springboot.jpa;

import com.springboot.jpa.product.models.Product;

import com.springboot.jpa.product.repository.ProductRepository;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest

public class ProductDataSourcesTests {

@Autowired

private ProductRepository productRepository;

@Test

@Transactional("productTransactionManager")

public void createProduct() {

Product product = new Product("10000", "Book", 80.0);

product = productRepository.save(product);

assertNotNull(productRepository.findById(product.getId()));

}

}

测试

分别运行两个测试类通过后,查询数据库。

客户表:

mysql> SELECT * FROM customer;

+----+-------------------+-----------+----------+

| id | email | firstName | lastName |

+----+-------------------+-----------+----------+

| 1 | master@weilog.net | Charles | Zhang |

+----+-------------------+-----------+----------+

1 row in set

产品表:

mysql> SELECT * FROM product;

+----+-------+------+-------+

| id | code | name | price |

+----+-------+------+-------+

| 1 | 10000 | Book | 80 |

+----+-------+------+-------+

1 row in set


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