浅谈BeanPostProcessor加载次序及其对Bean造成的影响分析

网友投稿 500 2023-01-09


浅谈BeanPostProcessor加载次序及其对Bean造成的影响分析

前言

BeanPostProcessor是一个工厂钩子,允许Spring框架在新创建Bean实例时对其进行定制化修改。例如:通过检查其标注的接口或者使用代理对其进行包裹。应用上下文会从Bean定义中自动检测出BeanPostProcessor并将它们应用到随后创建的任何Bean上。

普通Bean对象的工厂允许在程序中注册post-processors,应用到随后在本工厂中创建的所有Bean上。典型的场景如:post-processors使用postProcessBeforeInitialization方法通过特征接口或其他类似的方式来填充Bean;而为创建好的Bean创建代理则一般使用postProcessAfterInitialization方法。

BeanPostProcessor本身也是一个Bean,一般而言其实例化时机要早过普通的Bean,但是BeanPostProcessor也会依赖一些Bean,这就导致了一些Bean的实例化早于BeanPostProcessor,由此会导致一些问题。最近在处理shiro和spring cache整合时就碰到了,导致的结果就是spring cache不起作用。现将问题场景、查找历程及解决方法展现一下。

1 问题场景

打算在项目中将shiro与spring cache整合,使用spring cache统一管理缓存,也包括shiro认证时的用户信息查询。项目中将service分层,outter层负责权限和session,inner层主打事务和缓存并与DAO交互,两层之间也可以较容易的扩展为RPC或微服务模式。因此在shiro的authRealm中依赖了innerUserService,并在innerUserService中配置了spring cache的标注,使用cache进行缓存。配置如下(摘录重要部分):

@Bean(name="shiroFilter")

public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter(

@Qualifier("securityManager") SecurityManager manager

) {

ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean=new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();

bean.setSecurityManager(manager);

..............

return bean;

}

//配置核心安全事务管理器

@Bean(name="securityManager")

public SecurityManager securityManager(@Qualifier("authRealm") AuthorizingRealm authRealm,

@Qualifier("sessionManager") SessionManager sessionManager,

@Qualifier("cookieRememberMeManager") RememberMeManager rememberMeManager,

@Qualifier("cacheManager") CacheManager cacheManager) {

System.err.println("--------------shiro已经加载----------------");

DefaultWebSecurityManager manager=new DefaultWebSecurityManager();

manager.setRealm(authRealm);

manager.setSessionManager(sessionManager);

manager.setRememberMeManager(rememberMeManager);

manager.setCacheManager(cacheManager);

return manager;

}

//配置自定义权限登录器

@Bean(name="authRealm")

public AuthorizingRealm authRealm(IInnerUserService userService) {

MyRealm myrealm = new MyRealm(IInnerUserService);

logger.info("authRealm myRealm initiated!");

return myrealm;

}

@Bean

public LifecycleBeanPostProcessor lifecycleBeanPostProcessor(){

return new LifecycleBeanPostProcessor(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE);

}

其中MyRealm是自定义的shiro AuthorizingRealm,用于执行认证与授权,其实现依赖innerUserService从库中查找用户信息,示例代码如下:

public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

IInnerUserService userService;

public MyRealm(){

super();

}

public MyRealm(IInnerUserService userService){

this.userService = userService;

}

public IInnerUserService getUserService() {

return userService;

}

public void setUserService(IInnerUserService userService) {

this.userService = userService;

}

@Override

protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(

PrincipalCollection principals) {

//null usernames are invalid

if (principals == null) {

throw new AuthorizationException("PrincipalCollection method argument cannot be null.");

}

Set roleNames = new HashSet();

Set permissions = new HashSet();

User user = (User)getAvailablePrincipal(principals);

roleNames.add("role1");

roleNames.add("role2");

permissions.add("user:create");

permissions.add("user:update");

permissions.add("user:delete");

SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(roleNames);

info.setStringPermissions(permissions);

return info;

}

@Override

protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(

AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {

String username = (String)token.getPrincipal(); //得到用户名

String password = new String((char[])token.getCredentials()); //得到密码

User user = userService.findByUsernameInner(username);

if(user==null){

throw new UnknownAccountException();

}else if(!password.equals(user.getPassword()))

{

throw new IncorrectCredentialsException();

}

else{

return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, password, getName());

}

}

}

而在innerUserService中配置了spring cache的标注,示例代码如下:

@Service

public class IInnerUserServiceImpl implements IInnerUserService {

Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IInnerUserServiceImpl.class);

@Autowired

IUserDao userDao;

@Override

@Cacheable(value = "mycache", key = "#username")

public User findByUsernameInner(String username) {

User user = userDao.findByUsername(username);

logger.info("Real execute find from database, username:{}", username);

return user;

}

}

并在配置文件上标注了@EnableCaching(mode=AdviceMode.PROXY)以启动spring cache。这里不过多解释具体shiro和spring cache的使用,有兴趣的同学请自行搜索相关资料。

按理说这样的配置在认证的时候应该可以直接使用到innerUserService中配置的spring cache缓存。

但,问题出现了,当authRealm中依赖了innerUserService以后,定义在innerUserService上的spring cache就神奇的失效了。而authRealm不依赖innerUserService的时候,cache却运行的好好的。

接下来是问题查找的路径。

2 解决问题之旅

2.1 spring cache失效的表象原因

首先要找到spring cache失效的表象/直接原因,我们知道spring cache使用Spring AOP和拦截器的方式拦截定义了特定标注的方法,然后执行特定逻辑。因此其实现依赖于动态代理机制auto-proxy,而经过初步调试发现,当被authRealm依赖以后,innerUserService就不会被代理了,因此无从进入AOP的pointcut,也就是说AOP切面失效了!

2.2 从spring cache的集成机制分析深层次原因

为何没有被代理呢,我们先来确认一下正常情况下什么时候进行代理封装,这时关于BeanPostProcessor的定义浮现脑海,据文档记载BeanPostProcessor允许在Bean实例化的前后对其做一些猥琐的事情,比如代理。我们在BeanPostProcessor的实现类中发现了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor、SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor、AbstractAutoProxyCreator、InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator这一脉。而反观@enableCache标注在启动的时候会@import CachingConfigurationSelector,其selectImports方法会返回AutoProxyRegistrar和ProxyCachingConfiguration的全类名(我们定义了mode=AdviceMode.PROXY),也就是加载这两个类。第一个的作用就是注册InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator到BeanDefinitionRegistry中。第二个的作用就是注册了BeanFactoryCacheOperationSourceAdvisor和CacheInterceptor。

因此,当正常情况下,一个添加了spring cache相关标注的bean会在创建后被InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator基于advisor进行代理增强,代理后便可在拦截器CacheInterceptor中对其方法进行拦截,然后执行cache相关逻辑。此处省略具体处理逻辑,有兴趣请参考相关文档。

所以第一怀疑就是innerUserService没有经过InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的代理增强。果然调试发现,被authRealm依赖的情况下在InnerUserService的Bean实例化时,用于处理该Bean的PostBeanProcessor明显比没被authRealm依赖时少,并且不含有InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator。

而且,被依赖时会多打出来一行信息:

...................

Bean 'IInnerUserServiceImpl' of type [shiro.web.inner.service.impl.IInnerUserServiceImpl] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)

...................

据此推断,可能是innerUserService启动时机过早,导致的后面那些BeanPostProcessor们来没来得及实例化及注册呢。

2.3 BeanPostProcessor启动阶段对其依赖的Bean造成的影响

首先确认了authRealm也是受害者,因为shiroFilter->SecurityManager->authRealm的依赖关系导致其不得不提前实例化。表面上的罪魁祸首是shiroFilter,但是到底是谁导致的shiroFilter预料之外的提前启动呢。shiroFilter与InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的具体启动时机到底是什么时候呢。

又经过一番混天暗地的调试,终于了解了BeanPostProcessor的启动时机。在AbstractBeanFactory中维护了BeanPostProcessor的列表:

private final List beanPostProcessors = new ArrayList();

并实现了ConfigurableBeanFactory定义的方法:

void addBeanPostProcessor(BeanPostProcessor beanPostProcessor);

因此我们首先监控AbstractBeanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(),看看启动过程中谁调用了该方法来注册BeanPostProcessor。发现实例化及注册PostBeanFactory的阶段分为四个:

第一阶段是在启动时调用过程会调用AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(),其中的prepareBeanFactory方法中注册了

ApplicationContextAwareProcessor、ApplicationListenerDetector:

........

beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationContextAwareProcessor(this));

........

beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationListenerDetector(this));

........

然后在postProcessBeanFactory方法中注册了WebApplicationContextServletContextAwareProcessor:

beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(

new WebApplicationContextServletContextAwareProcessor(this));

然后在invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors方法中调用

复制代码 代码如下:

PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory, getBeanFactoryPostProcessors());

其中对已经注册的BeanFactoryPostProcessors挨个调用其postProcessBeanFactory方法,其中有一个ConfigurationClassPostProcessor,其postProcessBeanFactory方法中注册了一个ImportAwareBeanPostProcessor:

beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ImportAwareBeanPostProcessor(beanFactory));

最后在registerBeanPostProcessors方法中调用

PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, this);

在该方法中,首先注册BeanPostProcessorChecker:

复制代码 代码如下:

beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessorChecker(beanFactory, beanProcessorTargetCount));

该BeanPostProcessorChecker就是输出上面那行信息的真凶,它会在Bean创建完后检查可在当前Bean上起作用的BeanPostProcessor个数与总的BeanPostProcessor个数,如果起作用的个数少于总数,则报出上面那句信息。

然后分成三个阶段依次实例化并注册实现了PriorityOrdered的BeanPostProcessor、实现了Ordered的BeanPostProcessor、没实现Ordered的BeanPostProcessor,代码如下:

// Separate between BeanPostProcessors that implement PriorityOrdered,

// Ordered, and the rest.

List priorityOrderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList();

List internalPostProcessors = new ArrayList();

List orderedPostProcessorNames = new ArrayList();

List nonOrderedPostProcessorNames = new ArrayList();

for (String ppName : postProcessorNames) {

if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(ppName, PriorityOrdered.class)) {

BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);

priorityOrderedPostProcessors.add(pp);

if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {

internalPostProcessors.add(pp);

}

}

else if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(ppName, Ordered.class)) {

orderedPostProcessorNames.add(ppName);

}

else {

nonOrderedPostProcessorNames.add(ppName);

}

}

// First, register the BeanPostProcessors that implement PriorityOrdered.

sortPostProcessors(priorityOrderedPostProcessors, beanFactory);

registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, priorityOrderedPostProcessors);

// Next, register the BeanPostProcessors that implement Ordered.

List orderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList();

for (String ppName : orderedPostProcessorNames) {

BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);

orderedPostProcessors.add(pp);

if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {

internalPostProcessors.add(pp);

}

}

sortPostProcessors(orderedPostProcessors, beanFactory);

registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, orderedPostProcessors);

// Now, register all regular BeanPostProcessors.

List nonOrderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList();

for (String ppName : nonOrderedPostProcessorNames) {

BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);

nonOrderedPostProcessors.add(pp);

if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {

internalPostProcessors.add(pp);

}

}

registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, nonOrderedPostProcessors);

// Finally, re-register all internal BeanPostProcessors.

sortPostProcessors(internalPostProcessors, beanFactory);

registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, internalPostProcessors);

// Re-register post-processor for detecting inner beans as ApplicationListeners,

// moving it to tCuyNowSqhe end of the processor chain (for picking up proxies etc).

beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationListenerDetector(applicationContext));

需要注意的是,除了第一个阶段,其他阶段同一个阶段的BeanPostProcessor是在全部实例化完成以后才会统一注册到beanFactory的,因此,同一个阶段的BeanPostProcessor及其依赖的Bean在实例化的时候是无法享受到相同阶段但是先实例化的BeanPostProcessor的“服务”的,因为它们还没有注册。

从上面调试与源代码分析,BeanPostProcessor的实例化与注册分为四个阶段,第一阶段applicationContext内置阶段、第二阶段priorityOrdered阶段、第三阶段Ordered阶段、第四阶段nonOrdered阶段。而BeanPostProcessor同时也是Bean,其注册之前一定先实例化。而且是分批实例化和注册,也就是属于同一批的BeanPostProcesser全部实例化完成后,再全部注册,不存在先实例化先注册的问题。而在实例化的时候其依赖的Bean同样要先实例化。

因此导致一个结果就是,被PriorityOrderedBeanPostProcessor所依赖的Bean其初始化时无法享受到PriorityOrdered、Ordered、和nonOrdered的BeanPostProcessor的服务。而被OrderedBeanPostProcessor所依赖的Bean无法享受Ordered、和nonOrdered的BeanPostProcessor的服务。最后被nonOrderedBeanPostProcessor所依赖的Bean无法享受到nonOrderedBeanPostProcessor的服务。

由于InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的启动阶段是Ordered,因此我们需要确保没有任何priorityOrdered和Ordered的BeanPostProcessor直接或间接的依赖到shiroFilter,也就是依赖到我们的innerUserService。

同时,在PriorityOrdered接口的注解中也提到了该情况:

Note: {@code PriorityOrdered} post-processor beans are initialized in

  * a special phase, ahead of other post-processor beans. This subtly

  * affects their auhttp://towiring behavior: they will only be autowired against

  * beans which do not require eager initialization for type matching.

2.4 BeanPostProcessor在进行依赖的Bean注入时,根据Bean名称进行类型检查时导致的“误伤”

OK,问题貌似已查明,修改Configuration中所有PriorityOrdered和Ordered类型的PostBeanProcessor的Bean配置,使其不再依赖shiroFilter。再次启动,却发现仍然提前启动了shiroFilter->SecurityManager->authRealm->innerUserService。

百思不得其解,又是一轮昏天暗地的调试,查找shiroFilter具体的启动时机。发现在一个叫做dataSourceInitializerPostProcessor的BeanPostProcessor实例化的时候,在根据类型获得其依赖的参数时,对shiroFilter执行了初始化。导致后续SecurityManager->authRealm->innerUserService统统提前初始化。但是在dataSourceInitializerPostProcessor之前的BeanPostProcessor却没有。经调试它们是否会导致shiroFilter初始化的区别在调用AbstractBeanFactory.isTypeMatch方法时出现:

public boolean isTypeMatch(String name, ResolvableType typeToMatch) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException{

.....................

// Check bean class whether we're dealing with a FactoryBean.

if (FactoryBean.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) { //(1)判断名称对应的Bean是否是一个FactoryBean,若是FactoryBean才执行本句

if (!BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) {

// If it's a FactoryBean, we want to look at what it creates, not the factory class.

beanType = getTypeForFactoryBean(beanName, mbd);

if (beanType == null) {

return false;

}

}

}

.....................

}

然后进入AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.getTypeForFactoryBean方法:

@Override

protected Class> getTypeForFactoryBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {

String factoryBeanName = mbd.getFactoryBeanName();

String factoryMethodName = mbd.getFactoryMethodName();

if (factoryBeanName != null) {

if (factoryMethodName != null) {

// Try to obtain the FactoryBean's object type from its factory method declaration

// without instantiating the containing bean at all.

BeanDefihttp://nition fbDef = getBeanDefinition(factoryBeanName);

if (fbDef instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {

AbstractBeanDefinition afbDef = (AbstractBeanDefinition) fbDef;

if (afbDef.hasBeanClass()) {

Class> result = getTypeForFactoryBeanFromMethod(afbDef.getBeanClass(), factoryMethodName);

if (result != null) {

return result;

}

}

}

}

// If not resolvable above and the referenced factory bean doesn't exist yet,

// exit here - we don't want to force the creation of another bean just to

// obtain a FactoryBean's object type...

if (!isBeanEligibleForMetadataCaching(factoryBeanName)) { //(2)判断该bean对应的factoryBeanName是否已经初始化了,如果没有,就返回。如果有,则继续

return null;

}

}

// Let's obtain a shortcut instance for an early getObjectType() call...

FactoryBean> fb = (mbd.isSingleton() ?

getSingletonFactoryBeanForTypeCheck(beanName, mbd) :

getNonSingletonFactoryBeanForTypeCheck(beanName, mbd));

......................

}

其中,有一个重要的判断:

// If not resolvable above and the referenced factory bean doesn't exist yet,

// exit here - we don't want to force the creation of another bean just to

// obtain a FactoryBean's object type...

if (!isBeanEligibleForMetadataCaching(factoryBeanName)) {

return null;

}

注解说的很明确,如果名字对应的factoryBean所在的factoryBean工厂尚未解析并实例化,那就直接退出,不会强制创建该facotryBean工厂,也就是Configuration对应的Bean。再次调试,果然发现,在先前的BeanPostProcessor和dataSourceInitializerPostProcessor之间,存在一个lifecycleBeanPostProcessor,而lifecycleBeanPostProcessor是在我们的Configuration中显示定义的,因此,当lifecycleBeanPostProcessor启动时会导致Configuration实例化。

dataSourceInitializerPostProcessor和在它之前的BeanPostProcessor对shiroFilter行为的不同在这里得到了完美的解释。本质上说dataSourceInitializerPostProcessor并不重要,重要的是lifecycleBeanPostProcessor将Configuration初始化了。就算不是dataSourceInitializerPostProcessor,那另一个BeanPostProcessor实例化时同样会将shiroFilter初始化。

最终隐藏大BOSS查明,解决方案就简单了,将lifecycleBeanPostProcessor移出到一个单独的Configuration就好了。

3. 总结

3.1 BeanPostProcessor启动顺序,以及其对于依赖的Bean的影响

BeanPostProcessor的启动时机。分为四个阶段,第一阶段context内置阶段、第二阶段priorityOrdered阶段、第三阶段Ordered阶段、第四阶段nonOrdered阶段。

而BeanPostProcessor同时也是Bean,其注册之前一定先实例化。而且是分批实例化和注册,也就是属于同一批的BeanPostProcesser全部实例化完成后,再全部注册,不存在先实例化先注册的问题。而在实例化的时候其依赖的Bean同样要先实例化。

因此导致一个结果就是,被PriorityOrderedBeanPostProcessor所依赖的Bean其初始化以后无法享受到PriorityOrdered、Ordered、和nonOrdered的BeanPostProcessor的服务。而被OrderedBeanPostProcessor所依赖的Bean无法享受Ordered、和nonOrdered的BeanPostProcessor的服务。最后被nonOrderedBeanPostProcessor所依赖的Bean无法享受到nonOrderedBeanPostProcessor的服务。

3.2 注意避免BeanPostProcessor启动时的“误伤”陷阱

BeanPostProcessor实例化时,自动依赖注入根据类型获得需要注入的Bean时,会将某些符合条件的Bean(FactoryBean并且其FactoryBeanFactory已经实例化的)先实例化,如果此FacotryBean又依赖其他普通Bean,会导致该Bean提前启动,造成误伤(无法享受部分BeanPostProcessor的后处理,例如典型的auto-proxy)。


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