restframework详细（restfulframework）

网友投稿 232 2022-06-19

1.写视图的方法

1.1第一种：原始APIView

url(r'^login/$',account.LoginView.as_view()),

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings

from rest_framework.throttling import AnonRateThrottle

from api import models

class LoginView(APIView):

authentication_classes = []

def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

# 1.根据用户名和密码检测用户是否可以登录

user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=request.data.get('username'),password=request.data.get('password')).first()

if not user:

return Response({'code':10001,'error':'用户名或密码错误'})

# 2. 根据user对象生成payload（中间值的数据）

jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER

payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)

# 3. 构造前面数据，base64加密；中间数据base64加密；前两段拼接然后做hs256加密（加盐），再做base64加密。生成token

jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER

token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)

return Response({'code': 10000, 'data': token})

1.2第二种：ListApiView等

url(r'^article/$',article.ArticleView.as_view()),

url(r'^article/(?P\d+)/$',article.ArticleDetailView.as_view()),

from rest_framework.throttling import AnonRateThrottle

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView,RetrieveAPIView

from api import models

from api.serializer.article import ArticleSerializer,ArticleDetailSerializer

class ArticleView(ListAPIView):

authentication_classes = []

# throttle_classes = [AnonRateThrottle,]

queryset = models.Article.objects.all()

serializer_class = ArticleSerializer

class ArticleDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):

authentication_classes = []

queryset = models.Article.objects.all()

serializer_class = ArticleDetailSerializer

1.3第三种：

url(r'^article/$',article.ArticleView.as_view({"get":'list','post':'create'})),

url(r'^article/(?P\d+)/$',article.ArticleView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'}))

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin

from api.serializer.article import ArticleSerializer,ArticleDetailSerializer

class ArticleView(GenericViewSet,ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin):

authentication_classes = []

throttle_classes = [AnonRateThrottle,]

queryset = models.Article.objects.all()

serializer_class = None

def get_serializer_class(self):

pk = self.kwargs.get('pk')

if pk:

return ArticleDetailSerializer

return ArticleSerializer

2.drf 相关知识点梳理

2.1装饰器

def outer(func):

def inner(*args,**kwargs):

return func(*args,**kwargs)

return inner

@outer

def index(a1):

pass

index()

def outer(func):

def inner(*args,**kwargs):

return func(*args,**kwargs)

return inner

def index(a1):

pass

index = outer(index)

index()

2.2django中可以免除csrftoken认证

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

@csrf_exempt

def index(request):

return HttpResponse('...')

# index = csrf_exempt(index)

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^index/$',index),

]

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^login/$',account.LoginView.as_view()),

]

class APIView(View):

@classmethod

def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):

view = super().as_view(**initkwargs)

view.cls = cls

view.initkwargs = initkwargs

# Note: session based authentication is explicitly CSRF validated,

# all other authentication is CSRF exempt.

return csrf_exempt(view)

2.3面向对象中基于继承+异常处理来做的约束

class BaseVersioning:

def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

raise NotImplementedError("must be implemented")

class URLPathVersioning(BaseVersioning):

def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

version = kwargs.get(self.version_param, self.default_version)

if version is None:

version = self.default_version

if not self.is_allowed_version(version):

raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message)

return version

2.4面向对象封装

class Foo(object):

def __init__(self,name,age):

self.name = name

self.age = age

obj = Foo('汪洋',18)

class APIView(View):

def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

self.args = args

self.kwargs = kwargs

request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)

self.request = request

...

def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

"""

Returns the initial request object.

"""

parser_context = self.get_parser_context(request)

return Request( # 给request再封装一层

request,

parsers=self.get_parsers(),

authenticators=self.get_authenticators(), # [MyAuthentication(),]

negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),

parser_context=parser_context

)

2.5面向对象继承

class View(object):

pass

class APIView(View):

def dispatch(self):

method = getattr(self,'get')

method()

class GenericAPIView(APIView):

serilizer_class = None

def get_seriliser_class(self):

return self.serilizer_class

class ListModelMixin(object):

def get(self):

ser_class = self.get_seriliser_class()

print(ser_class)

class ListAPIView(ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView):

pass

class UserInfoView(ListAPIView):

pass

view = UserInfoView()

view.dispatch()

class View(object):

pass

class APIView(View):

def dispatch(self):

method = getattr(self,'get')

method()

class GenericAPIView(APIView):

serilizer_class = None

def get_seriliser_class(self):

return self.serilizer_class

class ListModelMixin(object):

def get(self):

ser_class = self.get_seriliser_class()

print(ser_class)

class ListAPIView(ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView):

pass

class UserInfoView(ListAPIView):

serilizer_class = "汪洋"

view = UserInfoView()

view.dispatch()

class View(object):

pass

class APIView(View):

def dispatch(self):

method = getattr(self,'get')

method()

class GenericAPIView(APIView):

serilizer_class = None

def get_seriliser_class(self):

return self.serilizer_class

class ListModelMixin(object):

def get(self):

ser_class = self.get_seriliser_class()

print(ser_class)

class ListAPIView(ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView):

pass

class UserInfoView(ListAPIView):

def get_seriliser_class(self):

return "咩咩"

view = UserInfoView()

view.dispatch()

2.6反射

class View(object):

def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

# Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,

# defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the

# request method isn't on the approved list.

if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:

handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)

else:

handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

2.7发送ajax请求

$.ajax({

url:'地址',

type:'GET',

data:{...},

success:function(arg){

console.log(arg);

}

})

简单请求，发送一次请求。

复杂请求，先options请求做预检，然后再发送真正请求

Title

常鑫的网站

2.8如何解决ajax+跨域？

CORS，跨站资源共享，本质：设置响应头。

2.9常见的Http请求方法

get

post

put

patch

delete

options

2.10http请求中Content-type请起头

情况一：

content-type:x-www-form-urlencode

name=alex&age=19&xx=10

request.POST和request.body中均有值。

情况二：

content-type:application/json

{"name":"ALex","Age":19}

request.POST没值

request.body有值。

2.11django中F查询

2.12django中获取空Queryset

models.User.object.all().none()

2.13基于django的fbv和cbv都能实现遵循restful规范的接口

def user(request):

if request.metho == 'GET':

pass

class UserView(View):

def get()...

def post...

2.14基于django rest framework框架实现restful api的开发。

- 免除csrf认证

- 视图（APIView、ListAPIView、ListModelMinx）

- 版本

- 认证

- 权限

- 节流

- 解析器

- 筛选器

- 分页

- 序列化

- 渲染器

2.15简述drf中认证流程？

2.16简述drf中节流的实现原理以及过程？匿名用户/非匿名用户如何实现频率限制？

2.17GenericAPIView视图类的作用？

他提供了一些规则，例如：

class GenericAPIView(APIView):

serializer_class = None

queryset = None

lookup_field = 'pk'

filter_backends = api_settings.DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS

pagination_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS

def get_queryset(self):

return self.queryset

def get_serializer_class(self):

return self.serializer_class

def filter_queryset(self, queryset):

for backend in list(self.filter_backends):

queryset = backend().filter_queryset(self.request, queryset, self)

return queryset

@property

def paginator(self):

if not hasattr(self, '_paginator'):

if self.pagination_class is None:

self._paginator = None

else:

self._paginator = self.pagination_class()

return self._paginator

他相当于提供了一些规则，建议子类中使用固定的方式获取数据，例如：

class ArticleView(GenericAPIView):

queryset = models.User.objects.all()

def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

query = self.get_queryset()

我们可以自己继承GenericAPIView来实现具体操作，但是一般不会，因为更加麻烦。

而GenericAPIView主要是提供给drf内部的 ListAPIView、Create....

class ListModelMixin:

def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)

if page is not None:

serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)

return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)

serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)

return Response(serializer.data)

class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView):

def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

class MyView(ListAPIView):

queryset = xxxx

ser...

总结：GenericAPIView主要为drf内部帮助我们提供增删改查的类LIstAPIView、CreateAPIView、UpdateAPIView、提供了执行流程和功能，我们在使用drf内置类做CURD时，就可以通过自定义静态字段（类变量）或重写方法（get_queryset、get_serializer_class）来进行更高级的定制。

2.18jwt以及其优势。

2.19序列化时many=True和many=False的区别？

2.20应用DRF中的功能进行项目开发

*****

解析器:request.query_parmas/request.data

视图

序列化

渲染器：Response

****

request对象封装

版本处理

分页处理

***

认证

权限

节流

基于APIView实现呼啦圈

继承ListAPIView+ GenericViewSet,ListModelMixin实现呼啦圈

标签：api

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