SpringBoot MongoDB 索引冲突分析及解决方法

网友投稿 584 2023-01-18


SpringBoot MongoDB 索引冲突分析及解决方法

一、背景

spring-data-mongo 实现了基于 MongoDB 的 ORM-Mapping 能力,

通过一些简单的注解、Query封装以及工具类,就可以通过对象操作来实现集合、文档的增删改查;

在 SpringBoot 体系中,spring-data-mongo 是 MongoDB java 工具库的不二之选。

二、问题产生

在一次项目问题的追踪中,发现SpringBoot 应用启动失败,报错信息如下:

Error creating bean with name 'mongoTemplate' defined in class path resource [org/bootfoo/BootConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate]: Factory method 'mongoTemplate' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: Cannot create index for 'deviceId' in collection 'T_MDevice' with keys '{ "deviceId" : 1}' and options '{ "name" : "deviceId"}'. Index already defined as '{ "v" : 1 , "unique" : true , "key" : { "deviceId" : 1} , "name" : "deviceId" , "ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice"}'.; nested exception is com.mongodb.MongoCommandException: Command failed with error 85: 'exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options' on server 127.0.0.1:27017. The full response is { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 6, "errmsg" : "exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options", "code" : 85, "ok" : 0.0 }

at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553)

...

Caused by: org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: Cannot create index for 'deviceId' in collection 'T_MDevice' with keys '{ "deviceId" : 1}' and options '{ "name" : "deviceId"}'. Index already defined as '{ "v" : 1 , "unique" : true , "key" : { "deviceId" : 1} , "name" : "deviceId" , "ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice"}'.; nested exception is com.mongodb.MongoCommandException: Command failed with error 85: 'exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options' on server 127.0.0.1:27017. The full response is { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 6, "errmsg" : "exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options", "code" : 85, "ok" : 0.0 }

at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.createIndex(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:157)

at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.checkForAndCreateIndexes(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:133)

at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.checkForIndexes(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:125)

at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:91)

at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:68)

at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate.(MongoTemplate.java:229)

at org.bootfoo.BootConfiguration.mongoTemplate(BootConfiguration.java:121)

at org.bootfoo.BootConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$1963a75.CGLIB$mongoTemplate$2()

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162)

... 58 more

Caused by: com.mongodb.MongoCommandException: Command failed with error 85: 'exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options' on server 127.0.0.1:27017. The full response is { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 6, "errmsg" : "exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options", "code" : 85, "ok" : 0.0 }

at com.mongodb.connection.ProtocolHelper.getCommandFailureException(ProtocolHelper.java:115)

at com.mongodb.connection.CommandProtocol.execute(CommandProtocol.java:114)

at com.mongodb.connection.DefaultServer$DefaultServerProtocolExecutor.execute(DefaultServer.java:168)

关键信息: org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: Cannot create index

从异常信息上看,出现的是索引冲突( Command failed with error 85 ),spring-data-mongo 组件在程序启动时会实现根据注解创建索引的功能。

查看业务实体定义:

@Document(collection = "T_MDevice")

public class MDevice {

@Id

private String id;

@Indexed(unique=true)

private String deviceId;

deviceId 这个字段上定义了一个索引, unique=true 表示这是一个唯一索引。

我们继续 查看 MongoDB中表的定义:

db.getCollection('T_MDevice').getIndexes()

>>

[

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"_id" : 1

},

"name" : "_id_",

"ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice"

},

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"deviceId" : 1

},

"name" : "deviceId",

"ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice"

}

]

发现数据库表中同样存在一个名为 deviceId的索引,但是并非唯一索引!

三、详细分析

为了核实错误产生的原因,我们尝试通过 Mongo Shell去执行索引的创建,发现返回了同样的错误。

通过将数据库中的索引删除,或更正为 unique=true 之后可以解决当前的问题。

从严谨度上看,一个索引冲突导致 SpringBoot 服务启动不了,是可以接受的。

但从灵活性来看,是否有某些方式能 禁用索引的自动创建 ,或者仅仅是打印日志呢?

尝试 google spring data mongodb disable index creation

发现 JIRA-DATAMONGO-1201 在2015年就已经提出,至今未解决。

stackoverflow 找到许多 同样问题 ,

但大多数的解答是不采用索引注解,选择其他方式对索引进行管理。

这些结果并不能令人满意。

尝试查看 spring-data-mongo 的机制,定位到 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator 类:

初始化方法中,会根据 MappingContext(实体映射上下文)中已有的实体去创建索引

public MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator(MongoMappingContext mappingContext, MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory,

IndexResolver indexResolver) {

...

//根据已有实体创建

for (MongoPersistentEntity> entity : mappingContext.getPersistentEntities()) {

checkForIndexes(entity);

}

}

在接收到MappingContextEvent时,创建对应实体的索引

public void onApplicationEvent(MappingContextEvent, ?> event) {

if (!event.wasEmittedBy(mappingContext)) {

return;

}

PersistentEntity, ?> entity = event.getPersistentEntity();

// Double check type as Spring infrastructure does not consider nested generics

if (entity instanceof MongoPersistentEntity) {

//创建单个实体索引

checkForIndexes((MongoPersistentEntity>) entity);

}

}

MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator是通过MongoTemplate引入的,如下:

public MongoTemplate(MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory, MongoConverter mongoConverter) {

Assert.notNull(mongoDbFactory);

this.mongoDbFactory = mongoDbFactory;

this.exceptionTranslator = mongoDbFactory.getExceptionTranslator();

this.mongoConverter = mongoConverter == null ? getDefaultMongoConverter(mongoDbFactory) : mongoConverter;

...

// We always have a mapping context in the converter, whether it's a simple one or not

mappingContext = this.mongoConverter.getMappingContext();

// We create indexes based on mapping events

if (null != mappingContext && mappingContext instanceof MongoMappingContext) {

indexCreator = new MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator((MongoMappingContext) mappingContext, mongoDbFactory);

eventPublisher = new MongoMappingEventPublisher(indexCreator);

if (mappingContext instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) {

((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) mappingContext).setApplicationEventPublisher(eventPublisher);

}

}

}

...

//MongoTemplate实现了 ApplicationContextAware,当ApplicationContext被实例化时被感知

public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {

prepareIndexCreator(applicationContext);

eventPublisher = applicationContext;

if (mappingContext instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) {

//MappingContext作为事件来源,向ApplicationContext发布

((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) mappingContext).setApplicationEventPublisher(eventPublisher);

}

resourceLoader = applicahttp://tionContext;

}

...

//注入事件监听

private void prepareIndexCreator(ApplicationContext context) {

String[] indexCreators = context.getBeanNamesForType(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.class);

for (String creator : indexCreators) {

MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator creatorBean = context.getBean(creator, MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.class);

if (creatorBean.isIndexCreatorFor(mappingContext)) {

return;

}

}

if (context instanceof ConfigurableApplicationContext) {

//使 IndexCreator 监听 ApplicationContext的事件

((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).addApplicationListener(indexCreator);

}

}

由此可见, MongoTemplate 在初始化时,先通过 MongoConverter 带入 MongoMappingContext,

随后完成一系列初始化,整个过程如下:

实例化 MongoTemplate;

实例化 MongoConverter;

实例化 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator;

初始化索引(通过MappingContext已有实体);

Repository初始化 -> MappingContext 发布映射事件;

ApplicationContext 将事件通知到 IndexCreator;

IndexCreator 创建索引

在实例化过程中,没有任何配置可以阻止索引的创建。

四、解决问题

从前面的分析中,可以发现问题关键在 IndexCreator,能否提供一个自定义的实现呢,答案是可以的!

实现的要点如下

实现一个IndexCreator,可继承MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator,去掉索引的创建功能;

实例化 MongoConverter和 MongoTemplate时,使用一个空的 MongoMappingContext对象避免初始化索引;

将自定义的IndexCreator作为Bean进行注册,这样在prepareIndexCreator方法执行时,原来的 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator不会监听ApplicationContext的事件

IndexCreator 实现了ApplicationContext监听,接管 MappingEvent事件处理。

实例化Bean

@Bean

public MongoMappingContext mappingContext() {

return new MongoMappingContext();

}

// 使用 MappingContext 实例化 MongoTemplate

@Bean

public MongoTemplate mongoTemplate(MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory, MongoMappingContext mappingContext) {

MappingMongoConverter converter = new MappingMongoConverter(new DefaultDbRefResolver(mongoDbFactory),

mappingContext);

converter.setTypeMapper(new DefaultMongoTypeMapper(null));

MongoTemplate mongoTemplate = new MongoTemplate(mongoDbFactory, converter);

return mongoTemplate;

}

自定义IndexCreator

// 自定义IndexCreator实现

@Component

public static class CustomIndexCreator extends MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator {

// 构造器引用MappingContext

public CustomIndexCreator(MongoMappingContext mappingContext, MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory) {

super(mappingContext, mongoDbFactory);

}

public void onApplicationEvent(MappingContextEvent, ?> event) {

PersistentEntity, ?> entity = event.getPersistentEntity();

// 获得Mongo实体类

if (entity instanceof MongoPersistentEntity) {

System.out.println("Detected Mhttp://ongoEntity " + entity.getName());

//可实现索引处理..

}

}

}

在这里 CustomIndexCreator继承了 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator ,将自动接管MappingContextEvent事件的监听。

在业务实现上可以根据需要完成索引的处理!

小结

spring-data-mongo 提供了非常大的便利性,但在灵活性支持上仍然不足。上述的方法实际上有些隐晦,在官方文档中并未提及这样的方式。

ORM-Mapping 框架在实现Schema映射处理时需要考虑校验级别,比如 Hibernate便提供了 none/create/update/validation 多种选择,毕竟这对开发者来说更加友好。

期待 spring-data-mongo 在后续的演进中能尽快完善 Schema的管理功能!


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