Spring Boot环境属性占位符解析及类型转换详解

网友投稿 392 2023-01-24


Spring Boot环境属性占位符解析及类型转换详解

前提

前面写过一篇关于Environment属性加载的源码分析和扩展,里面提到属性的占位符解析和类型转换是相对复杂的,这篇文章就是要分析和解读这两个复杂的问题。关于这两个问题,选用一个比较复杂的参数处理方法PropertySourcesPropertyResolver#getProperty,解析占位符的时候依赖到

PropertySourcesPropertyResolver#getPropertyAsRawString:

protected String getPropertyAsRawString(String key) {

return getProperty(key, String.class, false);

}

protected T getProperty(String key, Class targetValueType, boolean resolveNestedPlaceholders) {

if (this.propertySources != null) {

for (PropertySource> propertySource : this.propertySources) {

if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {

logger.trace("Searching for key '" + key + "' in PropertySource '" +

propertySource.getName() + "'");

}

Object value = propertySource.getProperty(key);

if (value != null) {

if (resolveNestedPlaceholders && value instanceof String) {

//解析带有占位符的属性

value = resolveNestedPlaceholders((String) value);

}

logKeyFound(key, propertySource, value);

//需要时转换属性的类型

return convertValueIfNecessary(value, targetValueType);

}

}

}

if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

logger.debug("Could not find key '" + key + "' in any property source");

}

return null;

}

属性占位符解析

属性占位符的解析方法是PropertySourcesPropertyResolver的父类AbstractPropertyResolver#resolveNestedPlaceholders:

protected String resolveNestedPlaceholders(String value) {

return (this.ignoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders ?

resolvePlaceholders(value) : resolveRequiredPlaceholders(value));

}

ignoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders属性默认为false,可以通过AbstractEnvironment#setIgnoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders(boolean ignoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders)设置,当此属性被设置为true,解析属性占位符失败的时候(并且没有为占位符配置默认值)不会抛出异常,返回属性原样字符串,否则会抛出IllegalArgumentException。我们这里只需要分析AbstractPropertyResolver#resolveRequiredPlaceholders:

//AbstractPropertyResolver中的属性:

//ignoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders=true情况下创建的PropertyPlaceholderHelper实例

@Nullable

private PropertyPlaceholderHelper nonStrictHelper;

//ignoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders=false情况下创建的PropertyPlaceholderHelper实例

@Nullable

private PropertyPlaceholderHelper strictHelper;

//是否忽略无法处理的属性占位符,这里是false,也就是遇到无法处理的属性占位符且没有默认值则抛出异常

private boolean ignoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders = false;

//属性占位符前缀,这里是"${"

private String placeholderPrefix = SystemPropertyUtils.PLACEHOLDER_PREFIX;

//属性占位符后缀,这里是"}"

private String placeholderSuffix = SystemPropertyUtils.PLACEHOLDER_SUFFIX;

//属性占位符解析失败的时候配置默认值的分隔符,这里是":"

@Nullable

private String valueSeparator = SystemPropertyUtils.VALUE_SEPARATOR;

public String resolveRequiredPlaceholders(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {

if (this.strictHelper == null) {

this.strictHelper = createPlaceholderHelper(false);

}

return doResolvePlaceholders(text, this.strictHelper);

}

//创建一个新的PropertyPlaceholderHelper实例,这里ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders为false

private PropertyPlaceholderHelper createPlaceholderHelper(boolean ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) {

return new PropertyPlaceholderHelper(this.placeholderPrefix, this.placeholderSuffix, this.valueSeparator, ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders);

}

//这里最终的解析工作委托到PropertyPlaceholderHelper#replacePlaceholders完成

private String doResolvePlaceholders(String text, PropertyPlaceholderHelper helper) {

return helper.replacePlaceholders(text, this::getPropertyAsRawString);

}

最终只需要分析PropertyPlaceholderHelper#replacePlaceholders,这里需要重点注意:

注意到这里的第一个参数text就是属性值的源字符串,例如我们需要处理的属性为myProperties: ${server.port}-${spring.application.name},这里的text就是${server.port}-${spring.application.name}。

replacePlaceholders方法的第二个参数placeholderResolver,这里比较巧妙,这里的方法引用this::getPropertyAsRawString相当于下面的代码:

//PlaceholderResolver是一个函数式接口

@FunctionalInterface

public interface PlaceholderResolver {

@Nullable

String resolvePlaceholder(String placeholderName);

}

//this::getPropertyAsRawString相当于下面的代码

return new PlaceholderResolver(){

@Override

String resolvePlaceholder(String placeholderName){

//这里调用到的是PropertySourcesPropertyResolver#getPropertyAsRawString,有点绕

return getPropertyAsRawString(placeholderName);

}

}

接着看PropertyPlaceholderHelper#replacePlaceholders的源码:

//基础属性

//占位符前缀,默认是"${"

private final String placeholderPrefix;

//占位符后缀,默认是"}"

private final String placeholderSuffix;

//简单的占位符前缀,默认是"{",主要用于处理嵌套的占位符如${xxxxx.{yyyyy}}

private final String simplePrefix;

//默认值分隔符号,默认是":"

@Nullable

private final String valueSeparator;

//替换属性占位符

public String replacePlaceholders(String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver) {

Assert.notNull(value, "'value' must not be null");

return parseStringValue(value, placeholderResolver, new HashSet<>());

}

//递归解析带占位符的属性为字符串

protected String parseStringValue(

String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver, Set visitedPlaceholders) {

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(value);

int startIndex = value.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix);

while (startIndex != -1) {

//搜索第一个占位符后缀的索引

int endIndex = findPlaceholderEndIndex(result, startIndex);

if (endIndex != -1) {

//提取第一个占位符中的原始字符串,如${server.port}->server.port

String placeholder = result.substring(startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length(), endIndex);

String originalPlaceholder = placeholder;

//判重

if (!visitedPlaceholders.add(originalPlaceholder)) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"Circular placeholder reference '" + originalPlaceholder + "' in property definitions");

}

// Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the placeholder key.

// 递归调用,实际上就是解析嵌套的占位符,因为提取的原始字符串有可能还有一层或者多层占位符

placeholder = parseStringValue(placeholder, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);

// Now obtain the value for the fully resolved key...

// 递归调用完毕后,可以确定得到的字符串一定是不带占位符,这个时候调用getPropertyAsRawString获取key对应的字符串值

String propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(phttp://laceholder);

// 如果字符串值为null,则进行默认值的解析,因为默认值有可能也使用了占位符,如${server.port:${server.port-2:8080}}

if (propVal == null && this.valueSeparator != null) {

int separatorIndex = placeholder.indexOf(this.valueSeparator);

if (separatorIndex != -1) {

String actualPlaceholder = placeholder.substring(0, separatorIndex);

// 提取默认值的字符串

String defaultValue = placeholder.substring(separatorIndex + this.valueSeparator.length());

// 这里是把默认值的表达式做一次解析,解析到null,则直接赋值为defaultValue

propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(actualPlaceholder);

if (propVal == null) {

propVal = defaultValue;

bpjJevX }

}

}

// 上一步解析出来的值不为null,但是它有可能是一个带占位符的值,所以后面对值进行递归解析

if (propVal != null) {

// Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the

// previously resolved placeholder value.

propVal = parseStringValue(propVal, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);

// 这一步很重要,替换掉第一个被解析完毕的占位符属性,例如${server.port}-${spring.application.name} -> 9090--${spring.application.name}

result.replace(startIndex, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length(), propVal);

if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {

logger.trace("Resolved placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");

}

// 重置startIndex为下一个需要解析的占位符前缀的索引,可能为-1,说明解析结束

startIndex = result.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, startIndex + propVal.length());

}

else if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) {

// 如果propVal为null并且ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders设置为true,直接返回当前的占位符之间的原始字符串尾的索引,也就是跳过解析

// Proceed with unprocessed value.

startIndex = result.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length());

}

else {

// 如果propVal为null并且ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders设置为false,抛出异常

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not resolve placeholder '" +

placeholder + "'" + " in value \"" + value + "\"");

}

// 递归结束移除判重集合中的元素

visitedPlaceholders.remove(originalPlaceholder);

}

else {

// endIndex = -1说明解析结束

startIndex = -1;

}

}

return result.toString();

}

//基于传入的起始索引,搜索第一个占位符后缀的索引,兼容嵌套的占位符

private int findPlaceholderEndIndex(CharSequence buf, int startIndex) {

//这里index实际上就是实际需要解析的属性的第一个字符,如${server.port},这里index指向s

int index = startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length();

int withinNestedPlaceholder = 0;

while (index < buf.length()) {

//index指向"}",说明有可能到达占位符尾部或者嵌套占位符尾部

if (StringUtils.substringMatch(buf, index, this.placeholderSuffix)) {

//存在嵌套占位符,则返回字符串中占位符后缀的索引值

if (withinNestedPlaceholder > 0) {

withinNestedPlaceholder--;

index = index + this.placeholderSuffix.length();

}

else {

//不存在嵌套占位符,直接返回占位符尾部索引

return index;

}

}

//index指向"{",记录嵌套占位符个数withinNestedPlaceholder加1,index更新为嵌套属性的第一个字符的索引

else if (StringUtils.substringMatch(buf, index, this.simplePrefix)) {

withinNestedPlaceholder++;

index = index + this.simplePrefix.length();

}

else {

//index不是"{"或者"}",则进行自增

index++;

}

}

//这里说明解析索引已经超出了原字符串

return -1;

}

//StringUtils#substringMatch,此方法会检查原始字符串str的index位置开始是否和子字符串substring完全匹配

public static boolean substringMatch(CharSequence str, int index, CharSequence substring) {

if (index + substring.length() > str.length()) {

return false;

}

for (int i = 0; i < substring.length(); i++) {

if (str.charAt(index + i) != substring.charAt(i)) {

return false;

}

}

return true;

}

上面的过程相对比较复杂,因为用到了递归,我们举个实际的例子说明一下整个解析过程,例如我们使用了四个属性项,我们的目标是获取server.desc的值:

application.name=spring

server.port=9090

spring.application.name=${application.name}

server.desc=${server.port-${spring.application.name}}:${description:"hello"}

属性类型转换

在上一步解析属性占位符完毕之后,得到的是属性字符串值,可以把字符串转换为指定的类型,此功能由AbstractPropertyResolver#convertValueIfNecessary完成:

protected T convertValueIfNecessary(Object value, @Nullable Class targetType) {

if (targetType == null) {

return (T) value;

}

ConversionService conversionServiceToUse = this.conversionService;

if (conversionServiceToUse == null) {

// Avoid initialization of shared DefaultConversionService if

// no standard type conversion is needed in the first place...

// 这里一般只有字符串类型才会命中

if (ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(targetType, value)) {

return (T) value;

}

conversionServiceToUse = DefaultConversionService.getSharedInstance();

}

return conversionServiceToUse.convert(value, targetType);

}

实际上转换的逻辑是委托到DefaultConversionService的父类方法GenericConversionService#convert:

public T convert(@Nullable Object source, Class targetType) {

Assert.notNull(targetType, "Target type to convert to cannot be null");

return (T) convert(source, TypeDescriptor.forObject(source), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(targetType));

}

public Object convert(@Nullable Object source, @Nullable TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {

Assert.notNull(targetType, "Target type to convert to cannot be null");

if (sourceType == null) {

Assert.isTrue(source == null, "Source must be [null] if source type == [null]");

return handleResult(null, targetType, convertNullSource(null, targetType));

}

if (source != null && !sourceType.getObjectType().isInstance(source)) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Source to convert from must be an instance of [" +

sourceType + "]; instead it was a [" + source.getClass().getName() + "]");

}

// 从缓存中获取GenericConverter实例,其实这一步相对复杂,匹配两个类型的时候,会解析整个类的层次进行对比

GenericConverter converter = getConverter(sourceType, targetType);

if (converter != null) {

// 实际上就是调用转换方法

Object result = ConversionUtils.invokeConverter(converter, source, sourceType, targetType);

// 断言最终结果和指定类型是否匹配并且返回

return handleResult(sourceType, targetType, result);

}

return handleConverterNotFound(source, sourceType, targetType);

}

上面所有的可用的GenericConverter的实例可以在DefaultConversionService的addDefaultConverters中看到,默认添加的转换器实例已经超过20个,有些情况下如果无法满足需求可以添加自定义的转换器,实现GenericConverter接口添加进去即可。

小结

SpringBoot在抽象整个类型转换器方面做的比较好,在SpringMVC应用中,采用的是org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.format.WebConversionService,兼容了Converter、Formatter、ConversionService等转换器类型并且对外提供一套统一的转换方法。

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对我们的支持。


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