springboot 错误处理小结

网友投稿 217 2023-02-10


springboot 错误处理小结

在 java web开发过程中,难免会有一些系统异常或人为产生一些异常。在 RESTful springboot 项目中如何优雅的处理?

分析:在RESTful 风格的springboot 项目中,返回的都是 body 对象,所以定义一个结果基类,其中包含 status,message,data(请求方法的返回结果),是比较合适的。

如果定义多个异常类进行处理,会比较麻烦。比如StudentNotExistsException、StudentExistsException。。。等,并且不能指定错误码,不方便前端根据错误码进行处理。

说明:一般的spring mvc模型处理流程如下

一般controller层 -> Service层 -> Dao层。

1.controller层,接受请求,进行分页,DTO对象封装操作。

2.service层,执行逻辑,控制并发,事务。

3.Dao层,与数据库交互。

使用一个学生表的处理进行说明:

1、定义常见的错误枚举 StudentExceptionEnum

public enum StudentExceptionEnum {

STUDENT_NOT_EXIST(1004,"学生不存在,请确认后再查"),

STUDENT_EXIST(1005,"学生已存在");

private Integer status;

private String comment;

StudentExceptionEnum(Integer status, String comment) {

this.status = status;

this.comment = comment;

}

public Integer getStatus() {

return status;

}

public void setStatus(Integer status) {

this.status = status;

}

public String getComment() {

return comment;

}

public void setComment(String comment) {

this.comment = comment;

}

}

2 定义一个基本的处理结果类 RequestResult

@Data

public class RequestResult {

private String message;

private Integer status;

private Object data;

public RequestResult(String message, Integer status, Object data) {

this.message = message;

this.status = status;

this.data = data;

}

public RequestResult(String message, Integer status) {

this.message = message;

this.status = status;

}

public RequestResult(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) {

this.message = message;

this.status = requestExceptionEnum.getStatus();

}

public RequestResult() {

status = 200;

message = "ok";

}

public static RequestResult OK(Object data) {

RequestResult result = new RequestResult();

result.setData(data);

return result;

}

public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, Integer status) {

return new RequestResult(message, status);

}

public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) {

return new RequestResult(message, requestExceptionEnum);

}

}

3 实体类 Student

@Data

public class Student implements Serializable{

private String id;

private String nickname;

private String name;

private int age;

private String sex;

private String address;

@Override

public String toString() {

return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this);

}

}

4 处理请求,添加学生,nickname 必填项。此处只显示 Service 片段代码

@Override

public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) {

if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null) {

studentDao.addStudent(student);

System.out.println("添加成功");

student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname());

return RequestResult.OK(student);

} else {

return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("用户" + student.getNickname() + "已存在", StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST);

}

}

5 此时,已经完成了基本的处理情况。下面就进行基本的测试了

5.1 添加一个新同学信息

5.2 再次添加让其出现异常测试

二、到此基本已大功告成,但是,对于基本的运行时异常没有处理,直接返回给前端会很不友好。所以要定义一个全局的 RuntimeException 异常处理类。

此处需要使用的关键标注: @ExceptionHandler

用法有两种 1)在处理请求的 Controller 中添加 @ExceptionHandler,此时该方法只会处理该 Controller 抛出的异常。

2)将其用在全局的异常处理类中,全局异常处理类需要使用  @RestControllerAdvice 或 @ControllerAdvice 标记

我们需要处理全局的 RuntimeException,所以我们使用第二种方法。当然,这样处理是为了客户友好型,我们还是要处理这种错误,怎么办?就需要将错误的信息记录下来,方便以后分析处理。此处使用 logger 进行记录。代码如下

@RestControllerAdvice

public class BaseExceptionHandler {

private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseExceptionHandler.class);

@ExceptionHandler(value = RuntimeException.class)

public RequestResult exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,Exception e) {

logError(request,e);

return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("内部处理异常,工程师正在抓紧抢修,请稍后再来...",500);

}

public static void logError(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) {

logger.error("请求地址:" + request.getRequestURL());

logger.error("请求方法:" + request.getMethod());

logger.error("请求IP:" + getRemoteIp(request));

logger.error("错误详情:");

StackTraceElement[] error = e.getStackTrace();

for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : error) {

logger.error(stackTraceElement.toString());

}

}

public static String getRemoteIp(HttpServletRequest request) {

String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");

if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {

if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {

ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");

}

if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {

ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");

}

if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {

ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");

}

if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {

ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");

}

if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {

ip = request.getRemoteAddr();

}

} else if (ip.length() > 15) {

String[] ips = ip.split(",");

for (int index = 0; index < ips.length; index++) {

String strIp = (String) ips[index];

if (!("unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(strIp))) {

ip = strIp;

break;

}

}

}

return ip;

}

}

进行测试看是否生效:

修改添加学生信息代码如下:

public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) {

int a = 1/0;

if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null) {

studentDao.addStudent(student);

System.out.println("添加成功");

student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname());

return RequestResult.OK(student);

} else {

return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("用户'" + student.getNickname() + "'已存在", StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST);

}

}

进行测试

后台打印错误信息

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求地址:http://localhost:8080/demo1/student

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求方法:POST

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求IP:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 错误详情:

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.service.StudentService.addStudent(StudentService.java:71)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.controller.StudentController.addStudent(StudentController.java:38)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:209)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:136)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:102)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:870)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:776)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:991)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:925)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:978)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:881)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:661)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:855)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter.doFilter(WebStatFilter.java:123)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:199)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1459)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

2018-03-26 17:01:19.133 WARN 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved exception caused by Handler execution: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

总结

以上所述是给大家介绍的springboot 错误处理小结,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对我们网站的支持!


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