Flask接口签名sign原理与实例代码浅析
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2023-02-17
代码详解java里的“==”和“equels”区别
测试1:
先看一组String类型比较,废话不多说,直接上代码:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = "java书苑";
String b = "java书苑";
String c = new String("java书苑");
String d = new String("java书苑").intern();
if(a == b){
System.out.println("a == b");
}else{
System.out.println("a != b");
}
if(a.equals(b)){
System.out.println("a.equals(b)");
}else{
System.out.println("!a.equals(b)");
}
if(a == c){
System.out.println("a == c");
}else{
System.out.println("a != c");
}
if(a.equals(c)){
System.out.println("a.equals(c)");
}else{
System.out.println("!a.equals(c)");
}
if(a == d){
System.out.println("a == d");
}else{
System.out.println("a != d");
}
if(a.equals(d)){
System.out.println("a.equals(d)");
}else{
System.out.println("a.equals(d)");
}
}
}
输出结果:
a == b
a.equals(b)
a != c
a.equals(c)
a == d
a.equals(d)
总结:
结果a == b:程序在运行的时候会创建一个字符串缓冲池,在String a = “java书苑”时, “java书苑”被放到了字符串缓冲池中,当 String b = “java书苑” 创建字符串的时候,程序首先会在这个String缓冲池中寻找相同值的对象,所以在b被创建的时候,程序找到了具有相同值的a,将b 引用 a 所引用的对象。所以a和b引用的同一个对象,故a == b。
结果a != c:String c = new String(“java书苑”)时new了一个新的对象,故不从String缓冲池寻找,二十直接创建一个新的对象。所以a != c。
结果a == d :当调用 intern 方法时,如果池已经包含一个等于此 String 对象的字符串(该对象由 equals(Object) 方法确定),则返回池中的字符串。否则,将此 String 对象添加到池中,并且返回此 String 对象的引用。所有d调用的同样是a的对象。
equals比较的是值,故值一样时便相等。
测试2:
这是一组int类型和Integer类型的测试:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 127;
int a1 = 127;
int b = 128;
int b1 = 128;
Integer c = 127;
Integer c1 = 127;
Integer d = 128;
Integer d1 = 128;
if(a == a1){
System.out.println("a == a1");
}else{
System.out.println("a != a1");
}
if(b == b1){
System.out.println("b == b1");
}else{
System.out.println("b != b1");
}
if(c == c1){
System.out.println("c == c1");
}else{
System.out.println("c != c1");
}
if(d == d1){
System.out.println("d == d1");
}else{
System.out.println("d != d1");
}
}
}
输出的结果:
a == a1
b == b1
c == c1
d != d1
结果”a == a1”和”b == b1”:int 是基本类型,直接存数值,而integer是对象,用一个引用指向这个对象,多以比较的时候”a == a1”和”b == b1”。
结果“c == c1”和“d != d1”这里可能有人会有疑问,为什么“d != d1”.我们一起看一下Integer的源码。
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
结论:这里 Integer 会初始化一个[-128,127]的常量池,如果数值在这个范围时,则引用的是同一个对象,如果不在这个范围,通过源码可以看出返回的是new了一个新的对象: return new Integer(i);
所以,结果“c == c1”是引用了同一个对象,结果“d != d1”,是new了一个新的对象,故不等。
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