java中的接口是类吗
573
2023-03-10
详解自定义SpringMVC的Http信息转换器的使用
在SpringMVC中,可以使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody两个注解,分别完成请求报文到对象和对象到响应报文的转换,底层这种灵活的消息转换机制。使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上。
HttpInputMessage
这个类是SpringMVC内部对一次Http请求报文的抽象,在HttpMessageConverter的read()方法中,有一个HttpInputMessage的形参,它正是SpringMVC的消息转换器所作用的受体“请求消息”的内部抽象,消息转换器从“请求消息”中按照规则提取消息,转换为方法形参中声明的对象。
package org.springframework.http;
import java.io.IOExcepthttp://ion;
import java.io.InputStream;
public interface HttpInputMessage extends HttpMessage {
InputStream getBody() throws IOException;
}
HttpOutputMessage
在HttpMessageConverter的write()方法中,有一个HttpOutputMessage的形参,它正是SpringMVC的消息转换器所作用的受体“响应消息”的内部抽象,消息转换器将“响应消息”按照一定的规则写到响应报文中。
package org.springframework.http;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
public interface HttpOutputMessage extends HttpMessage {
OutputStream getBody() throws IOException;
}
HttpMessageConverter
/*
* Copyright 2002-2010 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.http.converter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframehttp://work.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.HttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
public interface HttpMessageConverter
boolean canRead(Class> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
boolean canWrite(Class> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
List
T read(Class extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;
void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;
}
HttpMessageConverter 接口提供了5个方法:
canRead :判断该转换器是否能将请求内容转换成Java对象
canWrite :判断该转换器是否可以将Java对象转换成返回内容
getSupportedMediaTypes :获得该转换器支持的MediaType类型
read :读取请求内容并转换成Java对象
write :将Java对象转换后写入返回内容
其中 read 和 write 方法的参数分别有有 HttpInputMessage 和 HttpOutputMessage 对象,这两个对象分别代表着一次Http通讯中的请求和响应部分,可以通过 getBody 方法获得对应的输入流和输出流。
当前Spring中已经默认提供了相当多的转换器,分别有:
名称
作用
读支持MediaType
写支持MediaType
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter
数据与字节数组的相互转换
/
application/octet-stream
StringHttpMessageConverter
数据与String类型的相互转换
text/*
text/plain
FormHttpMessageConverter
表单与MultiValueMap
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
applicatijDFOFCrBon/x-www-form-urlencoded
SourceHttpMessageConverter
数据与javax.xml.transform.Source的相互转换
text/xml和application/xml
text/xml和application/xml
MarshallingHttpMessageConverter
使用SpringMarshaller/Unmarshaller转换XML数据
text/xml和application/xml
text/xml和application/xml
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
使用Jackson的ObjectMapper转换json数据
application/json
application/json
MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter
使用Jackson的XmlMapper转换XML数据
application/xml
application/xml
BufferedImageHttpMessageConverter
数据与java.awt.image.BufferedImage的相互转换
Java I/O API支持的所有类型
Java I/O API支持的所有类型
HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:
@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据。
private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType) throws Exception {
MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
if (contentType == null) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName();
if (paramName != null) {
builder.append(' ');
builder.append(paramName);
}
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException("Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found");
}
List
if (this.messageConverters != null) {
for (HttpMessageConverter> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as \"" + contentType + "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
}
return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage);
}
}
}
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes);
}
@ResponseBody注解时:根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter。
private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
List
if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
}
MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);
Class> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass();
List
if (getMessageConverters() != null) {
for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) {
for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) {
if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) {
messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
if (contentType == null) {
contentType = acceptedMediaType;
}
logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType +
"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
}
this.responseArgumentUsed = true;
return;
}
}
}
for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) {
allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
}
}
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);
}
自定义一个JSON转换器
class CustomJsonHttpMessageConverter implements HttpMessageConverter {
//Jackson的Json映射类
private ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//该转换器的支持类型:application/json
private List supportedMediaTypes = Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
/**
* 判断转换器是否可以将输入内容转换成Java类型
* @param clazz 需要转换的Java类型
* @param mediaType 该请求的MediaType
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean canRead(Class clazz, MediaType mediaType) {
if (mediaType == null) {
return true;
}
for (MediaType supportedMediaType : getSupportedMediaTypes()) {
if (supportedMediaType.includes(mediaType)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 判断转换器是否可以将Java类型转换成指定输出内容
* @param clazz 需要转换的Java类型
* @param mediaType 该请求的MediaType
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean canWrite(Class clazz, MediaType mediaType) {
if (mediaType == null || MediaType.ALL.equals(mediaType)) {
return true;
}
for (MediaType supportedMediaType : getSupportedMediaTypes()) {
if (supportedMediaType.includes(mediaType)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 获得该转换器支持的MediaType
* @return
*/
@Override
public List getSupportedMediaTypes() {
return supportedMediaTypes;
}
/**
* 读取请求内容,将其中的Json转换成Java对象
* @param clazz 需要转换的Java类型
* @param inputMessage 请求对象
* @return
* @throws IOException
* @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException
*/
@Override
public Object read(Class clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
return mapper.readValue(inputMessage.getBody(), clazz);
}
/**
* 将Java对象转换成Json返回内容
* @param o 需要转换的对象
* @param contentType 返回类型
* @param outputMessage 回执对象
* @throws IOException
* @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException
*/
@Override
public void write(Object o, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
mapper.writeValue(outputMessage.getBody(), o);
}
}
自定义MappingJackson2HttpMessage
从 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 的父类 AbstractHttpMessageConverter 中的 write 方法可以看出,该方法通过 writeInternal 方法向返回结果的输出流中写入数据,所以只需要重写该方法即可:
@Bean
public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {
return new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {
//重写writeInternal方法,在返回内容前首先进行加密
@Override
protected void writeInternal(Object object,
HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException,
HttpMessageNotWritableException {
//使用Jackson的ObjectMapper将Java对象转换成Json String
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
LOGGER.error(json);
//加密
String result = json + "加密了!";
LOGGER.error(result);
//输出
outputMessage.getBody().write(result.getBytes());
}
};
}
在这之后还需要将这个自定义的转换器配置到Spring中,这里通过重写 WebMvcConfigurer 中的 configureMessageConverters 方法添加自定义转换器:
//添加自定义转换器
@Override
public void configureMessageConverters(List
converters.add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
super.configureMessageConverters(converters);
}
版权声明:本文内容由网络用户投稿,版权归原作者所有,本站不拥有其著作权,亦不承担相应法律责任。如果您发现本站中有涉嫌抄袭或描述失实的内容,请联系我们jiasou666@gmail.com 处理,核实后本网站将在24小时内删除侵权内容。
发表评论
暂时没有评论,来抢沙发吧~