.properties文件读取及占位符${...}替换源码解析

网友投稿 494 2023-05-19


.properties文件读取及占位符${...}替换源码解析

前言

我们在开发中常遇到一种场景,Bean里面有一些参数是比较固定的,这种时候通常会采用配置的方式,将这些参数配置在.properties文件中,然后在Bean实例化的时候通过Spring将这些.properties文件中配置的参数使用占位符"${}"替换的方式读入并设置到Bean的相应参数中。

这种做法最典型的就是JDBC的配置,本文就来研究一下.properties文件读取及占位符"${}"替换的源码,首先从代码入手,定义一个DataSource,模拟一下JDBC四个参数:

public class DataSource {

/**

* 驱动类

*/

private String driveClass;

/**

* jdbc地址

*/

private String url;

/**

* 用户名

*/

private String userName;

/**

* 密码

*/

private String password;

public String getDriveClass() {

return driveClass;

}

public void setDriveClass(String driveClass) {

this.driveClass = driveClass;

}

public String getUrl() {

return url;

}

public void setUrl(String url) {

this.url = url;

}

public String getUserName() {

return userName;

}

public void setUserName(String userName) {

this.userName = userName;

}

public String getPassword() {

return password;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "DataSource [driveClass=" + driveClass + ", url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";

}

}

定义一个db.properties文件:

driveClass=0

url=1

userName=2

password=3

定义一个properties.xml文件:

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/aop

http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://springframework.org/schema/beans

http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

http://springframework.org/schema/aop

http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

写一段测试代码:

public class TestProperties {

@Test

public void testProperties() {

ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/properties.xml");

DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)ac.getBean("dataSource");

System.out.println(dataSource);

}

}

运行结果就不贴了,很明显,下面就来分析一下Spring是如何将properties文件中的属性读入并替换"${}"占位符的。

PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer类解析

在properties.xml文件中我们看到了一个类PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,顾名思义它就是一个属性占位符配置器,看一下这个类的继承关系图:

看到从这张图上,我们能分析出来的最重要的一点就是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的实现类,想见Spring上下文必然是在Bean定义全部加载完毕后且Bean实例化之前通过postProcessBeanFactory方法一次性地替换了占位符"${}"。

.properties文件读取源码解析

下面来看一下postProcessBeanFactory方法实现:

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

try {

Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();

// Convert the merged properties, if necessary.

convertProperties(mergedProps);

// Let the subclass process the properties.

processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);

}

catch (IOException ex) {

throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);

}

}

跟一下第3行的mergeProperties方法:

protected Properties mergeProperties() throws IOException {

Properties result = new Properties();

if (this.localOverride) {

// Load properties from file upfront, to let local properties override.

loadProperties(result);

}

if (this.localProperties != null) {

for (Properties localProp : this.localProperties) {

CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(localProp, result);

}

}

if (!this.localOverride) {

// Load properties from file afterwards, to let those properties override.

loadProperties(result);

}

return result;

}

第2行的方法new出一个Properties,名为result,这个result会随着之后的代码传入,.properties文件中的数据会写入result中。

OK,接着看,代码进入第17行的方法,通过文件加载.properties文件:

protected void loadProperties(Properties props) throws IOException {

if (this.locations != null) {

for (Resource location : this.locations) {

if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {

logger.info("Loading properties file from " + location);

}

InputStream is = null;

try {

is = location.getInputStream();

String filename = null;

try {

filename = location.getFilename();

} catch (IllegalStateException ex) {

// resource is not file-based. See SPR-7552.

}

if (filename != null && filename.endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) {

this.propertiesPersister.loadFromXml(props, is);

}

else {

if (this.fileEncoding != null) {

this.propertiesPersister.load(props, new InputStreamReader(is, this.fileEncoding));

}

else {

this.propertiesPersister.load(props, is);

}

}

}

catch (IOException ex) {

if (this.ignoreResourceNotFound) {

if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {

logger.warn("Could not load properties from " + location + ": " + ex.getMessage());

}

}

else {

throw ex;

}

}

finally {

if (is != null) {

is.close();

}

}

}

}

}

第9行,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的配置可以传入路径列表(当然这里只传了一个db.properties),第3行遍历列表,第9行通过一个输入字节流InputStream获取.properties对应的二进制数据,然后第23行的代码将InputStream中的二进制解析,写入第一个参数Properties中,Properties是JDK原生的读取.properties文件的工具。

就这样一个简单的流程,将.properties中的数据进行了解析,并写入result中(result是mergeProperties方法中new出的一个Properties)。

占位符"${...}"替换源码解析

上面看了.properties文件读取流程,接着就应当替换"${}"占位符了,还是回到postProcessBeanFactory方法:

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

try {

Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();

// Convert the merged properties, if necessary.

convertProperties(mergedProps);

// Let the subclass process the properties.

processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);

}

catch (IOException ex) {

throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);

}

}

第3行合并了.properties文件(之所以叫做合并是因为多个.properties文件中可能有相同的Key)。

第6行在必要的情况下对合并的Properties进行转换,没看出有什么用。

第9行就开始替换占位符"${...}"了,要事先声明一点:BeanFactoryPostProcessor类的postProcessBeanFactory方法调用是在Bean定义解析之后,因此当前的beanFactory参数中已经有了所有的Bean定义,如果熟悉Bean解析流程的朋友对这一点应该很清楚。跟一下第9行的processPropeemPXPYpQFXrties方法:

protected void pemPXPYpQFXrocessProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess, Properties props)

throws BeansException {

StringValueResolver valueResolver = new PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver(props);

BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver);

String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames();

for (String curName : beanNames) {

// Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition,

// to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations.

if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) {

BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName);

try {

visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd);

}

catch (Exception ex) {

throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage());

}

}

}

// New in Spring 2.5: resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well.

beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver);

// New in Spring 3.0: resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes.

beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver);

}

第4行new出一个PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,传入Properties,顾名思义这是一个持有.properties文件配置的字符串值解析器。

第5行BeanDefinitionVistor,传入上面的StringValueResolver,顾名思义这是一个Bean定义访问工具,持有字符串值解析器,想见可以通过BeanDefinitionVistor访问Bean定义,在遇到需要解析的字符串的时候使用构造函数传入的StringValueResolver解析字符串。

第7行通过BeanFactory获取所有Bean定义的名称。

第8行开始遍历所有Bean定义的名称,注意第11行的第一个判断"!(curName.equals(this.beanName)" ,this.beanName指的是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,意为PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer本身不会去解析占位符"${...}"。

着重跟14行的代码,BeanDefinitionVistor的visitBeanDefinition方法,传入BeanDefinition:

public void visitBeanDefinition(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) {

visitParentName(beanDefinition);

visitBeanClassName(beanDefinition);

visitFactoryBeanName(beanDefinition);

visitFactoryMethodName(beanDefinition);

visitScope(beanDefinition);

visitPropertyValues(beanDefinition.getPropertyValues());

ConstructorArgumentValues cas = beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues();

visitIndexedArgumentValues(cas.getIndexedArgumentValues());

visitGenericArgumentValues(cas.getGenericArgumentValues());

}

看到这个方法轮番访问定义中的parent、class、factory-bean、factory-method、scope、property、constructor-arg属性,但凡遇到需要"${...}"就进行解析。我们这里解析的是property标签中的"${...}",因此跟一下第7行的代码:

protected void visitPropertyValues(MutablePropertyValues pvs) {

PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues();

for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) {

Object newVal = resolveValue(pv.getValue());

if (!ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(newVal, pv.getValue())) {

pvs.add(pv.getName(), newVal);

}

}

}

获取属性数组进行遍历,第4行的代码对属性值进行解析获取新属性值,第5行判断新属性值与原属性值不等,第6行的代码用新属性值替换原属性值。因此跟一下第4行的resolveValue方法:

protected Object resolveValue(Object value) {

if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) {

visitBeanDefinition((BeanDefinition) value);

}

else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) {

visitBeanDefinition(((BeanDefinitionHolder) value).getBeanDefinition());

}

else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {

RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;

String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());

if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {

return new RuntimeBeanReference(newBeanName);

}

}

else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) {

RuntimeBeanNameReference ref = (RuntimeBeanNameReference) value;

String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());

if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {

return new RuntimeBeanNameReference(newBeanName);

}

}

else if (value instanceof Object[]) {

visitArray((Object[]) value);

}

else if (value instanceof List) {

visitList((List) value);

}

else if (value instanceof Set) {

visitSet((Set) value);

}

else if (value instanceof Map) {

visitMap((Map) value);

}

else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) {

TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value;

String stringValue = typedStringValue.getValue();

if (stringValue != null) {

String visitedString = resolveStringValue(stringValue);

typedStringValue.setValue(visitedString);

}

}

else if (value instanceof String) {

return resolveStringValue((String) value);

}

return value;

}

这里主要对value类型做一个判断,我们配置文件里面配置的是字符串,因此就看字符串相关代码,即34行的判断进去,其余的差不多,可以自己看一下源码是怎么做的。第35~第36行的代码就是获取属性值,第38行的代码resolveStringValue方法解析字符串:

protected String resolveStringValue(String strVal) {

if (this.valueResolver == null) {

throw new IllegalStateException("No StringValueResolver specified - pass a resolver " +

"object into the constructor or override the 'resolveStringValue' method");

}

String resolvedValue = this.valueResolver.resolveStringValue(strVal);

// Return original String if not modified.

return (strVal.equals(resolvedValue) ? strVal : resolvedValue);

}

继续跟第6行的方法,valueResolver前面说过了,是传入的一个PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,看一下resolveStringValue方法实现:

public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException {

String value = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver);

return (value.equals(nullValue) ? null : value);

}

第2行的replacePlaceholders方法顾名思义,替换占位符,它位于PropertyPlaceholderHelper类中,跟一下这个方法:

public String replacePlaceholders(String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver) {

Assert.notNull(value, "Argument 'value' must not be null.");

return parseStringValue(value, placeholderResolver, new HashSet());

}

继续跟第3行的parseStringValue方法,即追踪到了替换占位符的核心代码中:

protected String parseStringValue(

String strVal, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver, Set visitedPlaceholders) {

StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strVal);

int startIndex = strVal.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix);

while (startIndex != -1) {

int endIndex = findPlaceholderEndIndex(buf, startIndex);

if (endIndex != -1) {

String placeholder = buf.substring(startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length(), endIndex);

if (!visitedPlaceholders.add(placeholder)) {

http:// throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"Circular placeholder reference '" + placeholder + "' in property definitemPXPYpQFXions");

}

// Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the placeholder key.

placeholder = parseStringValue(placeholder, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);

// Now obtain the value for the fully resolved key...

String propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(placeholder);

if (propVal == null && this.valueSeparator != null) {

int separatorIndex = placeholder.indexOf(this.valueSeparator);

if (separatorIndex != -1) {

String actualPlaceholder = placeholder.substring(0, separatorIndex);

String defaultValue = placeholder.substring(separatorIndex + this.valueSeparator.length());

propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(actualPlaceholder);

if (propVal == null) {

propVal = defaultValue;

}

}

}

if (propVal != null) {

// Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the

// previously resolved placeholder value.

propVal = parseStringValue(propVal, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);

buf.replace(startIndex, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length(), propVal);

if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {

logger.trace("Resolved placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");

}

startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, startIndex + propVal.length());

}

else if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) {

// Proceed with unprocessed value.

startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length());

}

else {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not resolve placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");

}

visitedPlaceholders.remove(placeholder);

}

else {

startIndex = -1;

}

}

return buf.toString();

}

过一下此流程:

获取占位符前缀"${"的位置索引startIndex

占位符前缀"${"存在,从"${"后面开始获取占位符后缀"}"的位置索引endIndex

如果占位符前缀位置索引startIndex与占位符后缀的位置索引endIndex都存在,截取中间的部分placeHolder

从Properties中获取placeHolder对应的值propVal

如果propVal不存在,尝试对placeHolder使用":"进行一次分割,如果分割出来有结果,那么前面一部分命名为actualPlaceholder,后面一部分命名为defaultValue,尝试从Properties中获取actualPlaceholder对应的value,如果存在则取此value,如果不存在则取defaultValue,最终赋值给propVal

返回propVal,就是替换之后的值

流程很长,通过这样一整个的流程,将占位符"${...}"中的内容替换为了我们需要的值。


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